冠词讲解及练习
1、冠词分类: 英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。
2、不定冠词a / an的用法 不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。
不定冠词的基本用法: 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)
表示“一”这个数量。如:There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room 几个用不定冠词的习语
几个用不定冠词的习语: a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。
3、定冠词the的用法: 定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面
定冠词的基本用法: 表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如:There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如:Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去?) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)
定冠词的特殊用法: 常用在乐器名称的前面。如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国) 用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山) same之前一般用the。如:Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样) 几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。
4、一些不用冠词的情况: 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如:China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如:He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如:Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明) 三餐饭前不用。如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)
一些不用冠词的情况: 节、假日前一般不用。如:On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物) 球类名词前不用。如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院) 一些习惯用语中不用。
不用冠词的习惯用语 ⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of
1 Mr Li is___ old worker. A a B an C some D / [答案]B. [析]an用于元音音素开始的单词前。 2 English is___ useful language in ___ world. A an, the B a, the C the, / D /,the [析]因useful的第一个音素是[j],它是辅音音素。
3 What ___ interesting book it is! A a B an C the D / [答案]B. [析]这是感叹句,因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中 有可数名词book,所以应加冠词, 而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。 4 He will be back in ___ hour. A / B the C a D an [答案]D. [析]因hour的首字母h不发音。
There is ___ map in the classroom. ___ map is on the wall. A a, A B the, The C a, The D the ,A [答案]C. [析]在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词, 而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。 6 Look at___ picture! There's___ house in it. A a ,a B the, the C a, the D the, a [答案]D. [析]虽然是第一次提到,但在句中的语言是让 对方看某一特定的图画,所以应选择D。
7 There is ___ orange in the bottle. A a B an C the D / [答案]D. [析]这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。 8 Beijing is ___ capital of our country. A the B an C / D a [答案]A. [析]capital之后有of结构则要用定冠词。 9 If you work hard at English, you'll get ___ “A” in the test. A an B / C the D a [析]因字母A的第一音素是元音。
10 He usually goes to school on ___ foot. A a B an C the D / [答案]D. [析]on foot意为走路上学,是习惯用法。