Unit 4 Finding your way Grammar

Grammar A 冠词 a , an & the

What can they see in Sunshine Zoo?

New words and phrases: cage n. 笼子，鸟笼 across prep. 在…对面;穿过,横过 inside prep. 在…里面 outside prep. 在…外面 above prep. 在…上面 below prep. 在…下面 sign n. 指示牌 over prep. 在…上面 bench n. 长椅 /keidʒ/ /ə`krɒs/ / /in`said/ /aʊt`said/ /ə`bʌv/ /bi`ləʊ/ /sain/ /`əʊvə(r)/ /bentʃ/

重点归纳： 1、冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。 2、冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词a/an常用来泛指某 人或某物，定冠词the常用来指特定的某人或某物。

a panda It is ________ . The panda is eating bamboo.

a monkey It is ________ . The monkey is eating an apple

It is __________ . an elephant The elephant __________ is walking .

an apple It is ________ . The apple is red.

Watch and discuss in groups the difference between a and an a panda an elephant a monkey an apple 结论：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。

注意：an是放于元音音素前，而不是元音字母前。 小试牛刀：用a或an填空 a a an ___ lion ___bird ___orange ___“L” ___giraffe ___ old man ___ “u” ___umbrella ___ interesting book ___ hour ___ honest boy a an an an a an an an 注意：an是放于元音音素前，而不是元音字母前。

How to use “the” 结论： 当我们首次提到某人或某物时， 在前面用不定冠词a/an。 当我们再次提到某人或某物时， It is a panda . The panda is eating bamboo. It is a monkey. The monkey is eating an apple. It is an elephant. The elephant is walking . It is an apple . The apple is red. 结论： 当我们首次提到某人或某物时， 在前面用不定冠词a/an。 当我们再次提到某人或某物时， 我们在前面加定冠词“the”。

小试牛刀：用a/an 或the 完成下列句子 1.Once there lived ___ old man . ___ old man had 3 sons. 2.-- Is there ___ library near here? -- Yes.____ library is just next to ____post office. 3.There is ____park near my home. _____park is very big. 4. There is _____cinema in Green Street. I'll watch ____film in _____cinema. an The a The the a The a a the

Complete Millie and Daniel’s conversation with a, an or the. Millie: Let’s go to the Panda House first. Daniel: Here we are. I can see (1) panda there. It’s lying on the grass. Millie: How cute! I really love pandas. Look! There’s(2)_______ baby panda. It’s so small. Daniel: Yes. (3) baby panda doesn’t look like its mother. Millie: Now let’s go to see some lions. Daniel: Are (4) lions in (5) open area? Millie: No, they aren’t. They’re in (6) very big cage. Daniel: I see. (Half an hour later) Daniel: Millie, here’s(7) bridge. What can you see across it? Millie: Oh, (8) elephant is standing over there. Daniel: Let’s go across (9) bridge and see (10) elephant. a a The the an a a an the the

Notes: 1 lie on the grass 躺在草地上 lie on 躺在…上 lying是lie的现在分词形式 2 look like 看起来像… 3 in an open area 在一片开放的区域 4 in a very big cage在一个很大的笼子里 5 What can you see across it? 你能看到桥对面有什么？ 6 go across the bridge 走过桥

定冠词(the) 1. 用于上文提到过的人或事物。 eg. I want to have a fashion show. Where can I have the show? 2. 用于谈话双方都知道的人或事物， 表示“这/那个”。 eg. Who’s behind the door? Look at the blackboard.

3. 用于世界上独一无二的事物。 eg. the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the Great Wall, the Summer Palace 4. 用于乐器名词前。 eg. play the piano, play the violin, play the guitar 5. 用于某些adj.前表示一类人或事物。 eg. the poor/rich, the old/young

6. 用于姓氏复数前，表示“…夫妇/一家人”。 eg. The Whites often have a party in the garden. 7. 用于序数词、adj.最高级前。 eg. He’s the third child of his family. I want to go to the biggest cinema. 8. 用于一些固定短语中。 eg. in the front/middle of …, in the morning, at the same time, in the centre of …

定冠词the的其他用法： 1.the sun 2.the second 3.the old 4.the Greens 5.play the piano 6.the biggest one 世界上独一无二的事物 序数词前 某些形容词前，表示某一类人 用于姓氏复数形式前，表示某一家人 乐器前 形容词最高级前

小试牛刀：用适当的冠词填空， 1.We live on ___third floor of the tall building. 2.____Whites are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. 3.My cousin ,Amy,likes playing ____violin. 4.___earth goes around ____sun. 5.I believe you are ____best singer . 6.____rich should try their best to help ____poor. the 序数词前 用于姓氏复数形式前，表示某一家人 The 乐器前 the 世界上独一无二的事物 the The 形容词最高级前 the The the 某些形容词前，表示某一类人

特别提醒： 一些名词前不加冠词。 月份 ，季节，星期，国家，体育运动，一日三餐， 语言，节日，人、地名,专有名词或可数名词复数前。 一些固定短语中 eg. by plane, go to school/work, after school, at night, at work

Exercises 在需要的空格内填入冠词a,an或the: the the a The an the a The the the a / Where are ___ balls? Are they under ___chair? ---Who is that? ---_____ girl in ____ hat? I don’t know. 3.I have ____ apple. It’s in my bag. Can you see ____ apple? 4.This is ____ bag.____ bag is under ____ desk. 5.Look at ____ map. It’s ___ map of ___ China. 6.Are they _____ twins? Yes, they are. the the a The an the a The the the a / /

the an the The the the / a a an The 7. We are in _____ same school. But John is ____ American boy. 8. We must be polite to _____ old. 9. _____ moon goes around _____ sun. 10. Who is ____ first one to come here? 11. She goes to school by ____ bike, but yesterday. she went here in ____ car. 12. It’s ____ useful book. He is ____ unhappy boy. 13. ______ Smiths are having supper at home now. the an the The the the / a a an The

--Where’s ___ kite? I can’t see it. 8 There’s ___ famous university in this city. 9 Everyone has ___ mouth, ___ nose, two eyes and two ears. 10 Which is the biggest, ___ Sun, ___ Earth, or ___ Moon? 5 Kate is ___ English girl and I am ___ Chinese girl. 6 –Who’s ___ man over there? --Oh, he’s __ friend of my father’s. the a a a the the the an a the a

a, e, i, o, f [ef], h [eitʃ], l [el], m [em], n [en], r [a:], s [es], 不定冠词a、an的用法 1、表示一类人或事物中的“任何” 一个，相当于汉语中“一”，但不用 于强调数目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。 3、表示单位 4、表示“一类” 5、 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有： a, e, i, o, f [ef], h [eitʃ], l [el], m [em], n [en], r [a:], s [es], x [eks] 。

一试身手:用a, an, the或“/”填空 1.--Is there __ post office near your home. --Yes .It’s at the end of ___ road. 2.Is __ New York ___ capital of __ America? 3.Are you going to play __ basketball after school. 4.--I can see __ kite just now. --Where is ___ kite now? a the / the / / a the

Prepositions of movement Grammar 移动方向介词 Prepositions of movement

along Millie is walking ______ the road. along A cat is sleeping ___ the balcony. on

up down Kitty is climbing ___ the hill. up Daniel is walking _____ the stairs. down

from to Amy is walking ____ the sofa to the window. from Sandy is going ___ the library. to

Grandpa Zhang is _________. The little girl is __________. on the left on the right

outside inside The first bear is ______ the box. The second bear is ______ the box. inside outside

Some people are standing _________ the spring(喷泉). in front of There are some fruits ______ the boy. behind

↘ ↖ over above on behind next to in on the right on the left inside ↖ in the middle of beside ↘ outside in front of under below

across Simon is swimming ______ the pool. across through A train is going _______ a tunnel. through

over Eddie is jumping _____ the chair. over A boy is lying ______ the tree. under

There is a bookshelf (书架) _____ my desk. above The sofa is _____ those two pictures. below

hotel and the restaurant. between The bank is _______ the hotel and the restaurant. between There are some butterflies ______ the flowers. among

A waiter is ____________ Amy. next to/beside An office worker is _______ the desk. opposite

along across over through around from up down to

方位介词 含义 注意 at 在…处 指在某一点,常用于较小的地点 in 相对于at,常用于较大的地点 on 在…上 在某一平面上 above 在…上方 表示“高于某物” below 在…下方 表示“低于某物” over 在垂直正上方,不接触表面 under 在垂直正下方,不接触表面 opposite 在…对面

在某物外部的前面，注意与in the front of的区别,后者指“在某物内部的前面” 方位介词 含义 注意 in front of 在…前面 在某物外部的前面，注意与in the front of的区别,后者指“在某物内部的前面” behind 在…后面 在某物的后面 inside 在…里面 outside 在…外面 beside 在…旁边 next to 相当于beside between 在…中间 between表示在两者之间，among表示“在三者（或以上）之间”

Next to on In front of in under Between on There’s a beautiful lake in the park. Look! Two Boys are rowing a boat (1)_____the lake. (2)_______the lake there’s a football field. Some boys are playing football (3)____it. (4)___________the football field, there aretwo trees. On the left, abird is singing (5)_____ one tree. On the right, two boys are sitting (6) ______ the other tree. (7) ________the two trees, three girls are chatting(8) _____ the bench. on Next to on In front of in Between under on

Let's guess!

The little horse is walking ____ the river. across

to People are walking ______ the bus.

The worker is climbing ______ the ladder. up

down The boy is riding _____ the stairs.

over The woman is jumping ______ the stick(栏杆).

一试身手：用适当的方位介词填空 The man is ______ the tree. The hills are ______the forest. The birds are ___the tree . The chair is _______the basket and the table. under behind in between

Test ( )1.We live on ______third floor the tall building. A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )2.I like playing ____ basketball, while my sister likes playing the piano. A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )3.There are about 365 days in __ year. A. a B. an C. the D./ C D A

( )4.---What do you want to be when you grow up? ---I want to be ___ social worker. Many people need our help. A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )5.______Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. A. a B. an C. the D./ A C

( )6. ---Why are you standing ,Alice ( )6.---Why are you standing ,Alice? ---I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting __ me. A. behind B. next to C. beside D. in front of ( )7.What a sunny day !Let’s go boating ___ the lake, shall we? A. on B. in C. over D. above D A