Grammar : subject-verb agreement

主谓一致— 指主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。 三大原则— 语法上一致 意义上一致 就近原则

语法上一致 The number of errors _____ (be)surprising. Jane and Mary _____(look) alike. 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 is look

意义上一致 The family ____(be )watching TV at home . The news _____(be )very exciting. 主语的形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数，形单意复的单词如：people , police, cattle. 主语形式为复数，意义却为单数，谓语动词用单数，形复意单的如：works ,news 和一些以ies结尾的学科名称 physics , polities are is

就近原则 Either your students or Mr Wang ______ (know)this . knows Not only the students but also their teacher _____ (have ) seen the film. 谓语动词的单复数的形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 如用连词or , either …or , neither …nor , not only …but also 等连接的并列主语，若一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词与靠近它的词语一致。 knows has

具体注意要点 一.名词做主语 1. 某些集体名词，如family ,team 等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就其中一个一个成员来看，谓语动词就用复数，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似 His family _____(be) going to have a long journey. They whole family _____(be) having lunch. The population of China ____(be)very large ,and eighty percent of the population in China _____(be) farmer. is are is are

2.某些集体名词，people ,police ,cattle 等只当是复数看待，谓语须用复数. The police ____(be) searching for him. 3. 单复数同形的词语做主语，谓语应根据意义决定其单复数的形式。 A sheep _____(be )over there . Some sheep _____(be ) over there . 4. 有些名词复数形式作为一个整体，（如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。 Three weeks _____(be ) not enough to finish the work . 1000dollars ____(be ) a large amount of money. are is are is is

5. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略（这种情况一般指商场，工厂，住宅），这时，动词一般用单数。常见的有：the baker ’s, the barber ’s , the Zhang ’s等。 注意：表示店铺的名词做主语时，谓语常用复数。 The doctor’s _____(be ) on the side of the street . My uncle’s _____(be ) not far from here . Richardson ’s ______(have) a lot of imported goods to sell. is is have

6. 单数名词被more than one , many a 修饰，概念上是复数，但中心词是单数，谓语须用单数。注意“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语多用复数。 More than one student _____(have ) seen the film . Many a man ______(have ) tried it before . More members than one ______(be ) against your plan. has has are

7.由两部分构成的表示工具或衣物的名词做主语的时，谓语常用复数，glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等，但当主语用a pair of , a series of , a set of +名词时，谓语都用单数。 These clothes ____ (be) my brother’s. A pair of shoes _____(be) on the desk. are is

8.this kind of +单数名词 this kind of +复数名词 单数名词+of this kind these kinds of +复数名词 复数名词+ of this kind This kind of man ____ (be) dangerous. Men of this kind _____(be) dangerous. 谓语用单数 谓语用复数 is are

9. 若名词词组中心词是all, most , half , rest,等词语时，若所指的是复数意义，谓语就用复数，反之就用单数。 All of my classmates ______ (work) hard . All of the water ______ (be) gone. 10. 复数形式的单复数同形的名词，如，works, Chinese, Japanese, 做单数意义解的时，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 This glass works ____ (be) set up in 1982. These glass works _____(be) near the railway station. work is is are

11.在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Out ____ (rush) a boy . Between the two windows ______(hang) a picture. 12.不定代词each , every , no所修饰的名词，即使以逗号或连接成多主语时，谓语仍用单数。 Each boy and each girl ______(want) to serve the people in the future. rushes hangs wants

二. 由连词连接的名词做主语 用and或 both…and 连接并列主语，谓语用复数。注意：若并列主语表示同一概念，指同一人或同一概念时，谓语用单数。 Plastics and rubber never ____ (rot) . To love and to be loved ____ (be) the great happiness. The girl’s teacher and friend _____(be) a young doctors. Bread and butter a knife and fork Salt and water a needle and thread Iron and steel rots is is

2.主语后接as well as , as much as , no less than , along with, with, like , rather than , together with, but , except, besides, including , in addition to , 等引导的词组时，其谓语的单复数按主语的单复数来定。 The teacher as well as the students ____(be) excided. Nobody but some students ______(be) here. The teacher besides the students also ______(go) to see the film. is is goes

3.以or , either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also 等连接的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。 Either you or he ______(be) to go . Not only he but also I ______(be) wrong . is am

三. 代词做主语 1.名词性物主代词做主语时，谓语的形式取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours ______(be) a great Party . Your shoes are black , mine ______(be) brown . 2. Such , the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单复数。 Such ____(be ) our plan. Such _____(be) his words . is are is are

3.不定代词any , some, more , either, neither , none , all, 等做主语时，有以下的两种情况: 单独做主语时，视其意思而定。 “不定代词+of +不可数名词”， 谓语用单数，“不定代词+of +复数名词或代词”， 谓语动词用单复数均可，neither , either 单独做主语时，谓语常用单数。 Now all ____(have) been changed. All ____(be) presents. None of the meat _____(be) fresh. None of them _____ (have) seen the film. Neither _____(be) satisfactory. has are is have/has is

四. 分数，量数做主语 1.“分数或百分数+名词”，“a lot of (lots of , plenty of , a large quantity of , half of )+名词”做主语时，若其中的名词为复数可数名词，谓语用复数，若是不可数名词，谓语用单数。 Lots of damage____(be) caused by fire. Three fifths of the workers here____(be) women. A number of students ____(have) read the novel. The number of pages in this book ____(be) two hundred. is are have is

2. “large quantities of +可数或不可数名词”做主语时，谓语一般用复数。 Quantities of food(nuts) _____(be) on the table. 3. “a great deal of (a large amount of )+不可数名词”做主语时， 谓语常用单数，“large amounts of +不可数名词”做主语时， 谓语常用复数。 A great deal of damage ____(be) done in a very short time. Large amounts of money ____(be) spent on the bridge. are is are

4. a number of ; the number of the number of +名词, 中心词是number, 谓语用单数形式. A number of students gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest. The number of pages in the book two hundred. have is

5.“one and a half +复数名词做主语时，谓语用单数。 One and a half bananas _____(be) left on the table. 6. Half of (part of )+ 名词做主语时，若名词为单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数，若名词为复数名词，谓语用复数。 Half of the task _____(be) easier. Half of the people _____(be) still alive. is is are

五. 名词化的形容词做主语 “the +形容词（或过去分词）做主语时，谓语常用复数，这类结构常有：the blind , the old , the rich , the young , the wounded, the sick等。 但有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，这时，谓语用单数。 The old ____(be) taken care of here. The departed_____(be) a well-known engineer. are is

六. 从句做主语 一般有特殊疑问词引导的主语从句，谓语用单数，但由what 引导时，当它代表的具体内容是单数，谓语就用单数，反之，就用复数。 What we need _____(be) more time. What we need ______(be) more teachers. This is one of the most interesting questions that _____(have) been asked. She was the only one of the girls who _____(be) late for the meeting. is are have was