New College English Book Three

Unit Four career

III Further Development IV Translation & Writing Unit Four I Preparation II Reading Activities III Further Development IV Translation & Writing

Part I Preparation 1. Group Work 2. Word Family 3. Matching Game

Activity 1 Group Work Directions: Step One You will have 3 minutes to list as many names of occupations as possible Step Two Work in pairs and try to figure out the occupations of the people in the pictures.

Auto-repairman (mechanic0 nurse Activity 1 Group Work Film director Surgeon Flight attendant (air hostess) Pilot Cook/chef Conductor Lawyer Receptionist Policeman Butcher Doctor/physician/G.P. Auto-repairman (mechanic0 nurse

Activity 2 Word Family 1 J O B 2 U S I N E 3 T R A D 4 L 5 P F 6 W K 7 C 8 9

Career/occupation/ profession/ job/ work Activity 3 Matching Game Step One Please work in groups of 2 or 3 and discuss the differences of the following words. Career/occupation/ profession/ job/ work

Activity 3 Matching Game Career(职业，一生的事业): the type of work that you do or wish to do for most of your working life, especially where this involves several similar jobs over a long period of time. E.g. Like his father, Tom chose a career in the army. Occupation(工作，职业):a word used especially in an official context meaning someone’s usual full-time job E.g. Please fill in the details of your present occupation.

Activity 3 Matching Game Profession (=professional occupation): a type of work which people usually regard with respect, such as teaching, medicine, or law, for which you need special training and have to pass special examination E.g. Teaching is a profession that requires total commitment Job: the particular activity that someone does regularly in order to earn money, especially when they are employed by someone else E.g.The factory closed down last month and 1,800 people lost their jobs.

Part II Reading Activities 1. Pre-reading Questions 2. Text Organization 3. Sentence Study 4. Words & Phrases

Pre-reading Questions

Pre-reading Questions Describe a career you’re likely to pursue in the future. Don’t mention its name but ask your classmates to guess what it is. The job I’d prefer to take has a flexible working schedule. I don’t have to be at work exactly on time. Much of my time will be spent sitting in front of the computer or going through the work written by others. When work is due, I will have to burn the midnight oil. But when there is no work, I can take time to enjoy myself even if I’m still at work. This job needs a lot of initiative and independence. I’ll have to contact potential writers all by myself and choose the topics and books that might sell well or have good academic value. I’ll need to be very careful, doing the proofreading many times until a book is finally published.

Text Organization

Text Organization Para.1 Introduction: Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps. Para.2 Students’ weaknesses in career planning Para.3-5 Serious flaws in the ways of decision making Para.6-11 Keys to career planning

Text Organization Para.12-13 Changes in careers Para.14-15 Conclusion Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that anyone can do now to shape one’s career possibilities. Para.3-5

Sentence Study

Sentence Study 1. Career planning includes gathering information about ourselves and about occupations, estimating the probable outcomes of various courses of action, and finally, choosing alternatives that we find attractive and feasible. (Line 3) 【句型】本句中三个动名词短语: gathering…, estimating…, choosing… 都作动词 includes 的宾语，说明“职业规划”要涉及的三种行为。这三个连续的动名词短语使句子意义表达更充分连贯。include 后接 v.-ing 形式。最后一个动词短语中，关系代词 that 引导定语从句修饰 alternatives。

Sentence Study 【译文】 进行择业规划，要收集有关我们自身以及职业的信息资料，估计采取各种举动可能出现的结果，最后做出我们认为有吸引力并且可行的选择. 【例句】 The solutions include working with foreign flower growers instead of fighting them, having a few distribution centers to sell imported roses, widening their business area and being a representative for overseas flower producers. 解决办法包括与海外花卉种植商合作，而不是要与他们竞争；设置几个批发中心来销售进口玫瑰；扩大他们的经营领域同时兼做海外花卉生产者的代理商。

Sentence Study 【例句】 A teacher’s priorities include exciting students’ interests and stimulating their creativity. 教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的兴趣，激发他们的创造性。

Sentence Study 2 They cite evidence that (1) most students choose from among a very narrow group of occupations; (2) as many as 40 to 60 percent choose professional occupations, … to express any choice of occupation. (Line 8) 【句型】 句子的主要结构为 They cite evidence。 从属连词 that 引导四个名词性从句，作宾语evidence 的同位语。 choose from among 从……中选择。 介词from可与副词或介词短语搭配，如：from above, from across, from behind, from below, from inside, from under, from within, from out of等。

Sentence Study 【译文】 【例句】 我们从所有好吃的食品中挑选茶点吃，后来又吃了水果馅饼和圣诞蛋糕。 许多观察家指出学生在择业规划方面不是很在行。他们列出了以下事实：1)大部分学生选择职业的范围很窄；2)多达40%至60%的学生选择专业性的职业 ……。 【例句】 For tea we’d choose from among all the delicious food, followed by fruit pies and Christmas cake. 我们从所有好吃的食品中挑选茶点吃，后来又吃了水果馅饼和圣诞蛋糕。

Sentence Study 【例句】 世界卫生组织说全世界有多达一亿的人口可能具有导致艾滋病的病毒。 The World Health Organization says as many as 10 million persons in the world may have the virus that causes AIDS. 世界卫生组织说全世界有多达一亿的人口可能具有导致艾滋病的病毒。

Sentence Study 3 When confronted with a decision and unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution, some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming. (Line 23) 【句型】 “When confronted with… ”是省略形式的状语从句，省略的部分是从句的主语和部分谓语be, 即“they are”。 “连词+过去分词/现在分词/形容词” 作状语时常用省略形式，这些连词可以是 when, though / although, as if/as though, if, even if, once, unless, until 等。

Sentence Study 【译文】 每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时，一些人或想入非非或做白日梦，以此来保持平静。 【例句】 Once published, the book caused a remarkable stir. 书一出版就引起了轰动。

Sentence Study 【例句】 While studying in China, he became interested in Beijing Opera. 他在中国学习时对京剧产生了兴趣。

Words & Phrases

Words & Phrases 1. feasible adj. able to be done; possible 可行的，可能的 【例句】 仅靠一份地图就能骑自行车游遍这个城市吗？ Is it feasible to travel around the city by bike with only a map?

Words & Phrases 2. efficient adj.working well, quickly, and without waste 效率高的；有能力的，能胜任的 【例句】 在职业培训后不久他就成长为一名高效的股票经纪人 (stockbroker)。 He grew into an efficient stockbroker soon after the career training.

Words & Phrases 【词汇扩充】 capable （能干的） competent （有竞争力的） 【例句】 effective （有效的） proficient （熟练的，精通的） skillful （灵巧的） incompetent（无竞争力的） inefficient （低效的） 【例句】

Words & Phrases efficient 用于指人或工具、机器工作时效率高 effective 用于指措施、方法等高效 【例句】 【词汇比较】 efficient 用于指人或工具、机器工作时效率高 effective 用于指措施、方法等高效 【例句】 efficient 能干的秘书 an _______ secretary effective 有效措施 an _______ measure effective 疗效很好的药 an _______ medicine efficient 称职的经理 an _______ manager

Words & Phrases 3. flaw n. mistake, mark, or weakness 缺点，瑕疵，缺陷 【例句】 除了不够幽默之外，他简直是完美的。 He is almost perfect except for the flaw of being not humorous enough.

imperfection 不完整性, 不足; 缺点, 缺陷 Words & Phrases 【词汇扩充】 fault （人的）过错；（物的）毛病 imperfection 不完整性, 不足; 缺点, 缺陷 mistake 错误 shortcoming 缺点 weakness ,弱点

Words & Phrases 4. imply: v.express indirectly; suggest 暗指; 暗示 implication n. 1) a possible future effect or result 可能的影响、后果 2) something you do not say directly but you seem to want people to believe 暗示；含义

Words & Phrases 【例句】 You cannot imagine the financial implication of this educational reform. 你无法想象这场教育改革的经济影响。 他微笑了, 暗示着不相信我。 He smiled, with the implication that he didn’t believe me.

Words & Phrases 5. integrate v. 1) ( + into / with) 使）结合；（使）成为一体 2) 成为社团的一部分 disintegrate 【例句】 他们在这个国家已经居住10年了，但从来没有真正与 环境融合起来。 They’ve lived in this country for 10 years but have never really integrated.

Words & Phrases 6. undergo v. experience (esp. suffering or difficulty) 经历，遭受 【例句】 She is undergoing treatment at the hospital. 接受治疗 He who wants to succeed must undergo difficulties and bitterness first. 经历困苦

Words & Phrases 7. pursue v. 1) 从事或忙于某事 2) 追捕，追击；紧随……之后 3) 追求，寻求 【例句】 His greatest pleasure is to help others to pursue pleasure from life. 寻找(快乐) We have always pursued a friendly policy towards the people all over the world. 奉行(友好政策)

Words & Phrases 【近义词辨析】 Estimate n.& v. “judgment or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc. of something” Estimation: in one’s estimation （评价，判断） E.g. He was, in my estimation not capable of doing the job. E.g. The number of people who applied for the course was 120 compared with an initial estimate of between 50 and 100.

Part III Further Development 1. Proverbs 2. Group Work 3. Look for a job 4. What matters most?

Proverbs and Sayings Proverbs All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻. Many hands make light work. 人多好办事. A bad workman always blames his tools. 自己苯,怪刀钝.

Group Work Directions: Work in groups. Look at the categories (Page. 191) and decide which of the categories best desribes your interests and skills. Computational Practical Nature Outdoor/active Scientific Social General service Artistic

Group Work Directions:Discuss with your group members your favorite job and explain why. Sample I’d like to be a gardener most. -I’m always interested in all sorts of plants. -By working outside, I can breathe fresh air, smell the pleasant scent of flowers, and look at the beautiful blue sky.

Looking for a job Directions: Work in groups and scan the ads below and find an appropriate job for the following people. Notes: A: “light typing” means they wouldn’t have to type very much. C: “power lighting design” means the desiggn of lights for a room or building. D; “detail-oriented” means careful and meticulous.

What matters most? Step One Directions: Work in groups to make a list of factors that can contribute to job satisfaction. A high salary Logs of perks Good promotion prospects Working atmosphere Good employers Career orientation Pleasand colleagues Challenging tasks …

What matters most? Step Two How important is each factor for you? Number them in order of importance. Step Three Discuss each factor and justify your order of importance.

Part IV Translation & Writing 1. Translation Skills 2. Writing Practice

Translation Skills 限制性定语从句翻译 前置法 后置法 融合法 转换法

Translation Skills 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，与先行词关系密切，不用逗号分开。译者在翻译时要根据相互关系和限制的紧密程度安排译文修饰部分的位置和逻辑关系。这类句子的翻译可以用以下方式处理： 前置法 后置法 融合法 转换法

Translation Skills 把英语限制性定语从句译成汉语中带“…的”的定语词组，从而使英语复合句变成汉语单句。这种处理方法适合关系简单、直接和较短的定语从句类型。 前置法 Those who do not wish to go need not go. 凡是不愿意去的人就不必去。

He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. Translation Skills He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 She had been too proud to admit the emotion (情感) which her heart felt. 她太骄傲了，不肯让心里的感情流露出来。

Translation Skills 如果从句结构较长、关系复杂，或译成汉语前置定语词组太啰嗦而且不符合汉语表达习惯，译者可以译成后置的并列分句。但是应注意分析修饰和限定关系，安排符合原句意义表达的逻辑关系。 后置法

A good deal went on in the farm which he — her father — did not know. Translation Skills A good deal went on in the farm which he — her father — did not know. 农庄里发生了许多事情，他 ─ 她的父亲 ─ 并不知道。（并列） He will show her the place where they could make her look like a lady — for next to nothing. 他可以把她带到那个地方去，在那里他们会把她打扮成一个淑女，而且花不了几个钱。（并列）

Translation Skills 融合法 融合法是把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起，译成一个独立的句子。比如英语中“there are / is …”的句型处理，或者将定语从句转化而成的谓语，与将英语主句压缩成汉语词组而形成的主语结合起来，构成一个独立的汉语句子。

与前一种人相反，另一种人习惯于干得比他应该干的要多，付给他多少报酬他都乐于接受，这种人哪里都很罕见。 Translation Skills There was another person who seemed to have answers 另外一个人似乎胸有成竹。 His opposite, the man who is in the habit of doing more than what is strictly necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is rare everywhere. 与前一种人相反，另一种人习惯于干得比他应该干的要多，付给他多少报酬他都乐于接受，这种人哪里都很罕见。

Writing Practice Writing: An application letter (求职信) usually includes the following 4 parts: 1.Reason for writing 2. Relevant information about yourself 3. How to contact you 4. closing

Writing Practice 求职信的常用开头/结尾 I saw your advertisement for the position in …and I would like to apply for… I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of job you are advertising. I feel that I am competent to meet the requirements as specified.

Writing Practice I wish to apply for a position with your company as … I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference. I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview. I shall appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience

Writing Practice Writing: Directions: Read Thama’s application letter carefully and use it as an example. Read the following directions carefully and write an application letter: 假如你是山东大学计算机专业四年级学生, 从报纸上得知某公司正招聘计算机相关人员, 请写一封120字左右的求职信.

December, 27, 2006 Writing Practice Sample Shandong College P.O.Box 368 B Dear Sir or Madam, I would like to be considered as an application for the computer programmer position listed in today’s China Daily. I am a female student at the age of 21, who major in computer technowledge. In June this year I will graduate from Shandong University. I once my tutor to design accounting software. In addition I attended the compus programming competition and won the 1st prize. Sample

Writing Practice Apart from my major skills, I have high proficiency in English and my oral English is fluent and standars. So I am sure I have enough knowledge and experience to meet your demand. I would be glad to come for and interview at your convenience. Please contact me by number XXXXXXXXXX. I am looking forward to your early reply. Sincerely Yours XXX