英语高考专题复习 短文改错 扶风高级中学英语组 卫安侠

试题说明： 短文改错是一种在较高层次上考查学生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。它是专门针对学生平时学习英语过程中，尤其是写作练习中常犯的又是较为普遍的错误而设计的。对考生们而言，该题又是拉开距离和档次的题型。2009年对改错题的说明是“每行一处错误”，让学生加以改正，而2010年陕西省短文改错题是“要求学生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误即将其改正”。

材料特点 1、贴近实际生活; 2、话题有关学生学习生活; 3、多以书信和日记的形式出现; 4、浅显易懂，没有生僻、超纲词汇; 5、句子结构简单，基本是简单句和 并不复杂的复合句。

考查知识范围： 短文改错所考查的知识点涵盖了中学英语中的所有的语法内容，侧重考查 :动词和非谓语动词，连词与逻辑关系，副词与形容词等，同时也兼顾考查名词，冠词，动词时态，代词，行文逻辑和固定搭配等。

A Limerick 动词形，名词数 还要注意形和副 非谓语，细辨别 代词格，细领悟 介词短语常常考 习惯用法要记住 句子成分多分析 幽默诗 介词短语常常考 习惯用法要记住 句子成分多分析 冠词连词常光顾 逻辑错误须关注

or，either…or…，neither…nor…， not （only）…but （also）…，, there be句型 一 动词形: 主要包括两类错误：1.动词的时态和语态错误; 2.主、谓不一致的错误。 or，either…or…，neither…nor…， not （only）…but （also）…，, there be句型 1.I’m glad to know that you had an interest in Chinese food. (2009年重庆卷） 2. There exist now a park that has a small river running. （2009全国卷Ⅰ） 3.The teacher together with some students are visiting the factory. （have） (exists) with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as , besides, along with,… (is)

二、名词数: 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。 paper, news, progress, trouble, work（工作）， 1. (2009年陕西卷) They take him lots of good book and fresh fruit. 2. The second man pointed to his glass and asked if …（2009年四川卷） 3. Here are the information about Manchester University. (2006年陕西卷) furniture, fun, equipment , homework, paper, news, progress, trouble, work（工作）， advice, information 等 (books) (glasses) (is)

修饰比较级的有rather , much, still, 三、还要注意形和副: １.修饰名词，系动词要用形容词; ２.修饰动词，形容词，整个句子用副词; ３.比较级和最高级的使用; 口诀： 喜结良缘在某时，两地分居一段时。 喜得贵子是有时，无奈离异好几次。 1.He has a comfortable room, patiently nurses, and a great deal of time to read. （2009年陕西卷） 2.The food in one area can be easy told from that in another. （2009年重庆卷） 3. I saw him sometimes last summer. 4. The new person on the job feels more better after he or she has played tennis with other people in the office. (sometime) (some time) (patient) (sometimes) (some times) (easily) 修饰比较级的有rather , much, still, even, far, a lot ,a little, a great deal , by far , a bit,等 (sometime) (much/even/rather)

四、非谓语，细辨别: 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。 1.I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot. (2009年全国卷Ⅰ) 2.My classmate, Joseph, is at present in hospital with a breaking leg. (2009年陕西卷) 3.I’m looking forward to meet you here so that I can tell you more about Chinese food at table. (2009年重庆卷) (live) (broken) (meeting)

人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 五、 代词格，细领悟 考查重点集中在对不定代词和替代词上。对于短文中出现的每个代词都要查一下它在句子中所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数，格，词性是否正确，前后是否一致，包括人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词（名词性从句），关系代词（定语从句），解各个代词的用法。 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you 第三人称 it they them 单数 复数 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our their 名词性物主代词 mine yours hers ours theirs 1.The second man pointed to his glasses and asked if the angles could cure her poor eyesight. (2009年四川卷) 2. I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked. （2007全国I） 3. Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed! （2007陕西卷） (his) (mine) (myself)

六、介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住： 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误 表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 catch a sight of in hurry in Sunday afternoon such many people in a short at the other hand 1.The angle, “I’ve suffered by back pain for years …” （2009年四川卷） 2….but he couldn’t explain them with English clearly. （2008年天津卷） 3.Children called their friends together to spend hours, every day play games.(2005年湖北卷) a 年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。  遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。  要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。  at也在明分前，说“差”可要用上to，  说“过”只可用past， 多说多练牢牢记， 莫让岁月空蹉跎。 ∧ (so) on (on) (from) (in) (playing)

七、句子成分多分析: 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。 1… all the Chinese held together and bravely fought against the disaster with great confidence, what won the admiration of the world. （2010年宝鸡市二模） 2.She looked at me and started to laugh. “How are you laughing?”I asked.（2008年安徽卷） 3. I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didn’t take my bad grades as a judgement of my abilities, but … （2007天津卷） (which) (why) (who/that)

∧ 八、逻辑错误须关注，冠词、连词常光顾： （the） (an) 常考的错误形式有：连词but， and， or和so的用法，与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴,以及冠词的用法错误等。 1.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has given way to a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there. （2009年全国卷Ⅰ） 2.Are the years you spent at school best years of your life? （2008年陕西卷） 3.The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found we were wet through. (2009年浙江卷) (But) ∧ （the） (an)

【解题步骤】 1.浏览全文，掌握大意 2.分句阅读，逐句找错 3.检查核对，攻克难点 4.规范答题，不留空白

短文改错应注意的问题 : ②大小写不改. ③词序错误不改. ④在纲外生词不改(带汉语注释的词). 2. 虚词以添加或删除为原则； Ⅰ. ①标点符号不改. 　 ②大小写不改. 　 ③词序错误不改. 　 ④在纲外生词不改(带汉语注释的词). Ⅱ 1.   改动处以最少为原则； 2.  虚词以添加或删除为原则； 3.  实词以改变词性为原则； 4.  以保持句子原意不变为原则。

2010高考英语短文改错模拟训练: ∧ 1.on 2.chose 3.tall 4.it 5.was 6.lights At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burn in the fire place, and the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim or his parents singing and dancing happily. 1.on 介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住 2.chose 动词形 3.tall 4.it 还要注意形和副 代词格，细领悟 5.was 6.lights 动词形 名词数 7.beautiful 还要注意形和副 8.burning 非谓语，细辨别 ∧ 9.and 10.were 逻辑错误须关注 动词形

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