New Horizon College English Book Two Unit Nine

Pre-reading Activities New words Phrases & Expressions

Abstract and Analysis of each part Pre-reading Activities Abstract and Analysis of each part Culture Notes

Abstract Beginning with a bill that the American government is planning to give preferential treatment to foreign talents, the writer analyzes the problem of “brain drain” in India and points out that the only solution to the problem is training the later generation in social thought.

Analysis of each part: Part 1(Paras. 1-3): Developed countries are beginning to steal brains from the third world legally. Part 2 (Paras. 4-18): The analysis of the causes of the “brain drain” problem in India. Part 3 (Para. 19): The solution to the problem is training students in social thought.

Culture Notes 1). Coca-Cola is the world’s largest manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrup, used to produce more than 230 beverage brands

2) The green revolution is a popular term created in the 1960s to talk about how agricultural technology from the technologically developed countries was being widely spread among and transferred to less technologically advanced agricultural areas. Wheat seed from Mexico and rice seed from the Philippines have greatly increased grain production in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Turkey.

3). Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, leader of the Indian nationalist movement, was one of the greatest national leaders of the 20th century. His methods and philosophy of nonviolent confrontation, or civil disobedience, not only led his own country to independence but influenced political activists of many persuasions throughout the world.

4) Jawaharal Nehru (1889-1964) was the first prime minister of independent India. Nehru studied at Cambridge and was admitted to the English bar(取得英国律师资格) and then returned to India very westernized. After World War II he participated in the discussions between the United Kingdom and India’s leaders that eventually created the separate states of India and Pakistan. When independence came in 1947, Nehru became Prime Minister of India.

New words 1. 1) sth. that uses up strength, energy,or resources  I think looking after her elderly mother is quite a drain on her energy. 我想照顾她年迈的母亲准把她的精力都耗尽了。  The drain of money from the country is a serious problem. 1. drain: n.

这个国家的资金外流是一个严重的问题。  2) [C] a pipe to carry away the unwanted water  The drains overflowed after the heavy rain. 大雨之后下水道里的水溢了出来。 

Don't pour these tea leaves down the drain — you'll block the sewer. 别把这些茶叶往排水管里倒, 这样会堵塞下水道的。 drain: v. 1) (cause to) flow off gradually or completely  The water drained slowly out of the sink. 水慢慢从洗涤槽流出去。 With illness, her strength drained away. 她生病了，身体很虚弱。  

2) (cause to) become gradually dry, as water or other liquid is removed  They drained water from the land. 他们把地面上的水排掉。  She drained the bathtub and filled it with fresh water. 她放掉了浴缸里的水, 又注入了新水。  The war drained the country of its resources. 战争使该国的资源枯竭了.

Illegal immigrants are sent back across the border if they are caught. 2. immigrant: n. a person who has come into a foreign country in order to live there permanently London has a huge number of immigrants, coming from different parts of the world. 伦敦有大量移民, 来自世界各地。 Illegal immigrants are sent back across the border if they are caught. 非法移民一经抓住即被送出国境。 

emigrant: n. [C] a person who leaves one’s own country to go and live in another country emigrants to Canada 移居加拿大的移民  emigrant laborers 移居他国的劳工 migrant n.& adj. (of a) person or animal who migrates 迁徙的人或动物；迁徙的；移居的 migrant workers 流动工人 cheap migrant labor 廉价的流动劳工

3. namely: ad. to be exact, (and) that is (to say)  1. The minister would only repeat the official government position, namely that it can do nothing at the moment. 这位部长只是重复政府的官方立场，即目前政府无能为力。  Switzerland is surrounded by four large neighbors, namely France, Germany, Austria and Italy. 瑞士有四大邻国，即法国、德国、奥地利和意大利。

4.commercial:a. 1)related to business  This city serves as an important commercial center in the western region. 这座城市是西部地区一个重要的商业中心。 

2) making or intended to make a profit Her novels are well written and they have good commercial value as well. 她的小说写得很好，而且销路也不错。  commercial: n. a radio or television advertisement  The TV show was interrupted by too many commercials. 电视节目中所插的广告太多了。

5. provision: n.  . 1)[C] a statement within an agreement or a law that a particular thing must happen or be done  Our library has a provision that hands must be clean before books are taken out. 我们图书馆有一项规定：借书前要保持双手干净。

We have added certain provisions into the agreement to protect foreign workers. 我们在协定中加入了一些保护外国劳工的条款。  2) the act of making sth. available to people who need it  The provision of a large, new library has been of great educational advantage to the students. 一个大而新的图书馆为学生的学习提供了巨大的资源。 

TThe government is responsible for the provision of medical services. 由政府负责提供医疗服务。  3) (pl.) supplies of food and other necessary things All provisions for the island have to be sent by boat. 这个小岛的所有物资供应都得用船运过去。 

4) (fml.) (for / against) preparation for the future  She made provision for the time after she stopped working by saving money while she worked. 她工作时就攒钱为退休后的生活做准备了。 provide v.

6. post-independence “Post-”is a prefix which means “later than” or “after”. Examples:  post-war years 战后岁月  change from industrial to post-industrial society 从工业社会到后工业社会的过渡  The opposite of “post-“ is “pre-”, which means “before” or “in advance”.

Examples:  pre-war years 战前岁月  pre-arranged 预先安排的, 预定的  life in pre-industrial England 工业化前英国的生活 

7.thumb: n. [C] （手的）拇指  How did you cut your thumb?  你的拇指怎么割破了？  The noun “thumb” is used in the expressions “thumbs up” (a sign of approval,  support or victory) and “thumbs down” (a sign of disapproval). Examples:  They’ve given our plan the thumbs up / down. 他们赞成 / 反对我们的计划。 

thumb:v. 1) get a free ride by raising the thumb as a signal We thumbed a lift to London for the weekend.  我们免费搭车去伦敦度周末。  2) ( ~ through) look or search through quickly  A clerk thumbed through the files looking for a letter. 办事员翻遍了案卷，寻找一封信件。

8.prime:a. 1) main, greatest, the most important  A prime reason for our economic decline is lack of people willing to put money into new businesses. 我们经济衰退的一个主要原因是愿意投资于新企业的人太少。  Getting on the Olympic team became her prime objective. 进奥运集训队成了她最主要的目标。 

2) of the very best quality or kind  a fresh piece of prime beef 一块新鲜的最上等牛肉  This is a prime example of the waste I’ve been talking about. 这是我一直在谈论的浪费现象的一个最好例证。  The interview will be broadcast during prime time, at seven o’clock in the evening. 该访谈将在晚上七点的黄金时间播出。 

prime: n. the stage in the life or development of sth. , esp prime: n. the stage in the life or development of sth., esp. of people when they are in the best possible condition  Middle age can be the prime of life if you have the right attitude. 如果你有正确的人生态度，中年将会是你的黄金岁月。

9.institute: 1) n. an organization, esp. one for education or research The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has courses in engineering and computer studies. 麻省理工学院开设了工程和计算机课程。  2)v. begin, set up  Since we instituted the new rule, fewer people have been late to work. 自从我们制定了新规章制度，迟到的人比以前少了。

10.parallel: 1) n. a likeness or connection between two or more events  The police officer saw a parallel between the two murder cases. 警官看出了这两桩谋杀案之间的相似之处。  2) a. running side by side at an equal distance apart; similar Parallel lines never meet. 平行线永不相交。 

My feelings in this matter are parallel to yours. 我在这件事上的感受和你很相似。  3) vt. run side by side at an equal distance apart; be similar to The stream parallels the road for several miles. 小溪沿着路流淌了几英里。  The histories of the two countries closely parallel each other. 这两个国家的历史很相似。

11. pledge: 1) n. a formal promise or sth 11.pledge: 1) n. a formal promise or sth. that is given as a sign that you will keep a promise  They made a firm pledge to support us. 他们坚定地承诺支持我们。 When you make a pledge, you should always try to fulfill it. 你许下了诺言，就必须始终努力去兑现它。  I give you this ring as a pledge of my ever-lasting love for you. 我送你这枚戒指，作为我对你永恒爱情的见证。 

2) v. promise formally to do sth 2) v. promise formally to do sth.  The government has pledged that it will spend more money on education. 政府保证加大教育投入。  We’ve pledged ourselves to fight for justice. 我们立下誓言，要为正义而战。  They have pledged their support for our case. 他们承诺支持我们的诉讼。 

12. manipulate vt. 1) Her great success as a rock star is partly due to her ability to manipulate the media. 她作为摇滚歌星的辉煌成就部分归功于她利用传媒的能力。 2) The machine is designed so that it is easy to manipulate. 机器的这种设计使操作方便。

manipulation n. [C, U] 操纵，控制 There’s been so much media manipulation of the facts that nobody knows the truth of the matter. 传媒操纵成分太多，所以没有人知道这件事的真相。

13.scope:n. 1) (for / to do) opportunity for activity  The government is hoping there will be plenty of scope for tax cuts before the next time people go to the polls. 政府希望在下次选举前进一步降低税率。  I asked at the job interview whether there would be any scope for me to use my   Japanese.

求职面试时, 我询问今后是否有机会用上我的日语。  2) extent, limit or range of view I’m afraid that problem is beyond the scope of my lecture. 恐怕那个问题超出了我讲座的范围。

14.  mushroom: v. grow rapidly and in great numbers  The number of computers in schools has mushroomed in recent years. 近几年学校里电脑的数量增加得非常快。  Since the opening of the first shop new branches have mushroomed all over the country. 自从第一家店开张以来，新的分店如雨后春笋般地遍布了全国。

15.   shift: v. (cause to) move, change from one position to another  The truck driver shifted gears. 卡车司机换了档。   Media attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues. 最近媒体的注意力已经转向了环境问题。 

shift: n. 1) [C] a change in position or location  There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion. People used to support the war but now they are against it. 公众的舆论发生急剧变化，从支持作战转为反对作战。  A shift in the wind is expected tonight. 今晚的风向预计会有所变化。 

2) [C] (a group of workers who do a job for) a segment of work time  The night shift begins at 11:00 p.m. 夜班从晚上11点开始。  As the night shift leaves, the day shift arrives.  夜班工人下班时，日班工人来上班。  Are you on the night shift or the day shift? 你是上夜班还是日班？

16.gear:n. 1) [C] one of several speeds in a vehicle  Does your car have four or five gears? 你的车是四排挡还是五排挡？  2) [U] equipment, usu. connected with sports  Graham was really excited when he joined the athletics club and he bought all the gear, but now he’s lost interest and he’s trying to sell everything.

格拉罕姆刚加入运动俱乐部时热情真高，他购买了所有的运动器材，可现在他却兴趣全无了，甚至于想把运动器材全部卖掉。 gear: vt 格拉罕姆刚加入运动俱乐部时热情真高，他购买了所有的运动器材，可现在他却兴趣全无了，甚至于想把运动器材全部卖掉。  gear: vt. organize, make ready or prepare a person or place for a particular type of activity 使准备好，使适应

Most public places are simply not geared to help people with special physical needs.  许多公共场所完全没有考虑去满足残疾人的特殊需求。  The party is all geared up for the primary election that is just getting started.该政党已为即将到来的初选作好了充分准备。  I was all geared up to have an argument over this issue with her. 我已作好了与她辩论这个问题的准备。

17. sport: v. (课文中词汇) wear sth. , esp 17.   sport: v. (课文中词汇) wear sth., esp. to show it to others; show publicly (and sometimes proudly) The front of the car sported a German flag. 车的前部挂着一面德国旗帜。  She came in today sporting a fur coat. 她今天招摇地穿着一件皮大衣走进来。

她抛下丈夫和孩子，和另一个男人私奔了。 2) stop doing sth. before you have finished 18.abandon:vt. 1) leave sb. or sth. forever  She abandoned her husband and children and went off with another man. 她抛下丈夫和孩子，和另一个男人私奔了。  2) stop doing sth. before you have finished

The match was abandoned at half time because of the poor weather condition. 因为天气不好，比赛举行到中途就停止了。  3) allow (oneself) to be controlled completely by (a feeling, way of living, etc.)  The old man abandoned himself to grief. 那老人悲痛欲绝。

19. disintegrate: vi. break up into small pieces, fall apart  The box was so old that it disintegrated when I picked it up. 那箱子太破旧, 我刚一提起就散了。  The company disintegrated owing to lack of financial backing. 由于缺少财政支持，那家公司垮了。

Notice its derivations: integrate v. 结合，并入，融入 integrated a. 融合的；综合的；完整的 integration n. 融合；融入；结合，并入

Ⅳ.Language points

1.give preferential treatment to: give favorable treatment to Employees who have worked here for many years will be given preferential treatment over newcomers. 在这里工作了多年的雇员在待遇上比新来的要优厚些。  We give preferential treatment to those who invest in this area.  我们对那些在这个地区投资的人给予优惠待遇。

Labor is on top in it’s contract discussions with management. 2. on top: in a better or higher position; on the highest part Labor is on top in it’s contract discussions with management. 在与资方的劳务合同谈判中，劳方占有利地位。  Put the letter on top of that pile of books, where it can be seen easily. 把信放在那堆书上面，那儿很容易被看到。

3. he cream of India: the most talented people of India cream: n. (fig 3. he cream of India: the most talented people of India  cream: n. (fig.) the best part (of)  the cream of this year’s literature 今年的文学精品  The wedding was attended by the cream of New York society. 参加婚礼的有纽约社交界的精英。

4.throw out: 1) get rid of, throw away as trash/rubbish  You really should throw out that dirty old table and get a new one. 你真应该扔掉那张又脏又旧的桌子, 买一张新的。  2) refuse to accept, reject  The committee threw out my suggestions. 委员会拒绝了我的建议。

5. foot the bill: (infml.) pay the bill  His parents footed the bill for the wedding. 这次婚礼的钱是他父母出的。

6. in the hope that ( / of): hoping  I didn’t phone till four o’clock in the hope that you’d be finished. 我一直等到四点钟才打电话，希望那时你已经做完事了。  We left the house early in the hope of avoiding traffic jams. 我们早早地走了，希望能避开交通阻塞时段。

7.set up: 1) establish or arrange  They’ve set up a fund for victims of the disaster. 他们已经为灾难的受害者设立了一项基金。  2) produce, cause  The high winds set up dangerous driving conditions. 大风给驾车带来极大的危险。 

3) provide sb. with the money to start a business, buy a house, etc 3) provide sb. with the money to start a business, buy a house, etc.  After he left college, his father set him up in the furniture trade. 大学毕业后，他的父亲出资帮他经营家具业。  4) cause (sb.) to receive (sth. such as blame)  The thief tried to set his companion up for punishment but he too was caught and tried. 那个窃贼试图栽赃于他的同伙，但结果他自己也被抓获并受到审讯。

8. at the expense of: with sb 8.at the expense of: with sb. paying; by harming or causing a loss to  He took a trip at the expense of the company. 他由公司出资出去旅行了一次。  He became a brilliant scholar but only at the expense of his health. 他成了一名才华横溢的学者，但牺牲了健康。

9.were to: This structure is used in an if-clause to make the reader imagine a future condition, esp. one that is not likely, not possible, or unreal. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would have to be cancelled. 如果明天下雨, 比赛将取消。  If it were to reveal its secrets, that organization would collapse in shame. 如果机密被揭露, 那家机构就会不体面地倒闭。 

10. nothing but: only  That child is nothing but trouble. 那个孩子只会添麻烦。  Don’t make friends with him: he’s nothing but a criminal. 不要和他交朋友，他是个罪犯。

11.in other words: expressed in a different way  You think he should make a positive career move outside this organization — in other words you think he should leave. 你认为他应该在这个机构外另谋发展——换句话说，你希望他走人。  Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard — in other words, you failed. 你的考试成绩没有达到规定标准——换句话说，你不及格。

12.in the meantime: meantime, at the same time, meanwhile  I’ll talk to you tomorrow; in the meantime have a good evening. 我明天和你谈;同时，祝你晚安。  The new hospital will be built next year, but doctors are having to work in the meantime in seriously overcrowded conditions in the old one. 新医院将于明年落成，目前，医生们还得在老医院拥挤不堪的条件下工作。

13. hold water: seem to be true or reasonable None of his arguments seemed to me to hold water. 在我看来他的观点没有一个是站得住脚的。  I’m sorry, but your story just doesn’t hold water. 不过，你讲的话实在站不住脚。

工人们拒绝了3% 的工资增长幅度，主张工资增长幅度为4% ，同时每周工作日也要缩短。 14. in favor of: on the side of, in support of  The original plan was abandoned in favor of a new idea. 原先的计划被放弃了，新的提议被采纳了。  Workers have rejected a pay offer of 3% in favor of a 4% increase linked with a   shorter working week. 工人们拒绝了3% 的工资增长幅度，主张工资增长幅度为4% ，同时每周工作日也要缩短。

15.fall apart: fall to pieces, disintegrate  The book was old and soon fell apart. 这本书太旧了，没多久就散了。  I don’t know how Mike managed to keep the car on the road for so long. At the end, it was practically falling apart. 我不明白迈克是如何设法开着这车在路上跑了这么长时间。事实上到最后车都快散架了。

16. call for: request or require sth. ; say sth 16.call for: request or require sth.; say sth. is needed It’s the sort of work that calls for a high level of thought and mental energy. 这是一项十分耗费心力的工作。  You’ve been promoted? This calls for a celebration. 你升职了？这可要庆祝一下。

17. not …but… Not that I dislike the work, but thatI have no time. 不是因为我不喜欢那工作，而是因为我现在没有时间去做。 The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part in. 奥林匹克运动会的重要性不在于赢而在于参与。