Unit 1 Great scientists

Period 1&2 Warming up and Reading I Unit 1 Great scientists

Warming up What impress you most in 2003?

Which person impress you most during the SARS?

What other infectious diseases do you know? Warming up----questions (2m) What other infectious diseases do you know? For example: When you eat some seafood…… You feel…… Maybe you have got ________. Cholera

John Snow defeats “King cholera” Reading John Snow defeats “King cholera”

Skimming: answer the following questions: Reading-I----skimming (2m) Skimming: answer the following questions: What are the two theories John Snow got interested in? What did John Snow’ experience show? How to prevent the disease happening again?

Keys: 1.The two theories are : The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 2.John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. 3.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.

Scientific Report by John Snow Reading-II----scanning (3m) Scientific Report by John Snow The problem The cause Idea 1: Idea 2:people absorbed the disease_________________. The method The results Idea 1 or 2?why? The conclusion the cause of the serious disease of cholera. No body knew___________________ ________________________ that attacked victims Strange cloud in the air with their meals ____________from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct. Collect data He found the cause of cholera was____________________. the polluted water Idea 2. Because the data showed a connection with the water. John Snow was able to ___________ once its cause was know. defeat cholera

Reading-III----detailed reading (2m) Read the passage again, and then find out the difficult or key sentences with the partner.

1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. In the case of an infectious disease it means not taking care to stop its spread.

2.He got interested in the two theories explaining how cholera killed people. This means that he began to find out about both theories.

3. It seemed the water was to blame. The sentence means Probably it was the water that caused the illness.

Discussion: Discuss the following questions in groups of four. Discussion (4m) Discussion: Discuss the following questions in groups of four. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? 1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it? 2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem with- out the map? Give a reason. 3.

Keys Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and public health care to solve them. 1. 2. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.

3. No. The map helped John Snow organise his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.

Let’s have a competition! Extension Let’s have a competition!

1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? C. Thomas Edison A. Charles Darwin B. Archimedes

2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? A. Marie Curie B. Gregor Mendel C. Charles Darwin

3.Who invent the first steam engine? A. Thomas Newcomen B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison

4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children. A. Thomas Edison B. Gregor Mendel C. Archimedes

5. Who discovered radium? A. Marie Curie B. Zhang Heng C. Newton

6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? A. Stephen Hawking 　 B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison

7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? A. Gregor Mendel B. Leonardo da Vinci 　 C. Marie Curie

8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground? A. Sir Humphry Davy 　 B. Thomas Newcomen C. Faraday

9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? A. Charles Darwin B. Zhang Heng C. Watt

10.Who put forward a theory about black holes? A. Stephen Hawking B. Archimedes C. Copernicus

Speaking (3m) Speaking activity Discuss in groups of four, which field do you want to contribute yourself to in the future? One takes down the groupmates’ opinions, after that ,report the groupmates’ opinions to the whole class.

Language points for reading I

Homework Surf the Internet to find the information about one great scientist. You are expected to present it to your peer in the next class.

Take a break!

Period 3 Learning about language Unit 1 Great scientists

examined put forward exposed cure immediately look into announced Discovering useful words and expressions: Answer keys for Exercise 1: examined put forward exposed cure immediately look into announced instruct valuable

Answer keys for Exercises 2: make a telephone call make a decision make a plan make a contribution make a speech make a noise make a change make a description

Translate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to. 一片碎玻璃 开水 一枚用过的邮票 一箱埋起来的硬币 穿破的鞋子 一台损坏了的计算机 a broken piece of glass boiled water a used stamp a buried box of coins worn—out shoes a damaged computer 结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。

Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning. Past Participle Past Participle as the Attribute as the predicative terrified people 1. reserved seats 2. polluted water 3. a crowded room 4. a pleased winner 5. people who are terrified seats which are reserved water that is polluted a room that is crowded a winner who is pleased

Past Participle Past Participle as the Predicative as the Attribute 1. children who 1. look astonished 2. a vase that is broken 2. 3. a door that is closed 3. 4. the audience who feel tired 4. 5. an animal that is trapped 5. astonished children a broken vase a closed door the tired audience a trapped animal

Discovery (2m) Students try to find some rules about the Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative.

Grammar 一、过去分词作定语 1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。 eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习

少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the advanced countries 发达国家 drunken man 一个醉鬼 a returned student 一名留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师 an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯 by-gone days 过去的岁月

2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。 e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods! 我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊 I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth． 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。 e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular． 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎 We’11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago． 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。

Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses. 1） He told us of the great wrong done to him. = He told us of the great wrong ___________________________ to him. which had been done 注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。

注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。 3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there? 2） The United States is a developed country. = The United Stated is a country ______________________ . which has developed 注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。 3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there? = Have you noticed the bridge ______________________ there? which is being built 注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。

二、过去分词作表语 1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。

2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。 e.g.：This shop is now closed． 这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday． 这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）

Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative. 1. 丢了钱他自责不已。 He ______________ about losing the money. 2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ Why do you always _______________ ? Do you sleep well these days? 3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。 I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better. got blamed look so tired was disappointed with

4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star． 5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。 The children ______________________ going to the zoo． 6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒. His wound ___________________ a new virus． was shocked are really excited about became infected with

高考链接 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known B 解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。

高考链接 2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded A 解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。

高考链接 3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known D 解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。

高考链接 4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt B 解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。

Homework Summarize the use of the past participle as the attribute and predictive.

Take a break!

Period 4 Reading II Unit 1 Great scientists

The topic of the video is about _____________________. Do you know any famous person in this field? space and universe

Zhang Heng Ptolemy Stephen hawking Hubble Galileo Copernicus

Reading-I----skimming (2m) Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures. earth Sun Before Copernicus’ theory Showing Copernicus’ theory

Reading-I----skimming (2m) Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures. earth Sun Before Copernicus’ theory Showing Copernicus’ theory Sun Sun earth earth

Read the text and answer the following question. Reading-II----detailed reading (2m) Read the text and answer the following question. What conclusion did Copernicus’ mathematical calculations lead to? Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory? How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory? When did Copernicus publish his theory? Do you think it’s right for Copernicus to publish his theory that late?

What conclusion did Copernicus’ mathematical calculations lead to? His mathematical calculations led to the conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system.

2. Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory? Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.

3. How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory?

4. When did Copernicus publish his theory? He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.

5. Do you think it’s right for Copernicus to publish his theory that late? Students give their own answers.

Pre-reading----game (2m) Try your best to go over the whole points of each picture without lifting your pencil from the paper or going over any line twice. A A D D B B C C

Topology--Euler path Euler

Read the text and find out the answers to the following questions. Reading-I----detailed reading (5m) Read the text and find out the answers to the following questions. How did Euler find a problem? What’s the general rule to the puzzle? What branch of mathematics did Euler start?

How did Euler find a problem? When he walked around the town and over the bridges of Konigsberg, he was surprised to find that he could cross six of the bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself, but he couldn’t cross all seven.

What’s the general rule to the puzzle? If a figure has more than two odd points, you could go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.

What branch of mathematics did Euler start? He started a whole new branch of mathematics called “topology”.

Game (2m) Who can be the quickest to find out the picture from page 46 that doesn’t have Euler path.

Language points for reading II

Homework Surf the Internet to find more information about Euler or Topology and share it with your peer in the next class.

Take a break!

Period 5 Listening Unit 1 Great scientists Period 5:幻灯片83-93页

It’s about the discoverer of DNA, Jim Watson and Francis Crick. Pre-listening-I----video (3m) What is the video about? It’s about the discoverer of DNA, Jim Watson and Francis Crick.

Who is the famous rocket expert in China? Pre-listening-II----talking (1m) Who is the famous rocket expert in China? Qian Xuesen

Listening (5m) Listen to the tape twice and find out the information to fill in the blank.

Qian Xuesen’s personal information Study He first studied at university to ______________. Experience He went to America to study for __________________. It was then he began to ________________ there. Achievement There was no work on space rockets before he __________________ in China to design and build rockets to go into space. Admiration People would ______________ on Mars to show how much they admire his work. Honour He is called ________________________ _______________________. be an engineer his doctor’s degree work on rockets began his institute put his picture the father of the Chinese space programme

Carl Linnaeus

Listen to the tape once and tell what this listening passage is about. Listening-I----get the main idea (5m) Listen to the tape once and tell what this listening passage is about. This is about a man who wants to name a flower. This is about a man who finds a flower and wants to own it. This is about a man who finds a flower and wants to know if it is a new species of flower. C. This is about a man who finds a flower adi and wants to know if it is a new adi species of flower.

Listen to the tape twice and fill in the blanks. Listening-II----filling (5m) Listen to the tape twice and fill in the blanks.

Carl Linnaeus’ personal information Carl Linaeus He lived in ______ from 1707 to _________. Achievement He solved a very serious problem for _________. Scientific method He saw all plants and animals produce _____________________. He used different ways of producing young to _______ plants and animals. How to name plants and animals He gave each plant and animal two names. One is for the large group, for example ____, and one is for the species, for example ______. Sweden 1778 biology young plants and animals sort out bird parrot

Homework Make a dialogue with your partner to talk about a great scientist. You are expected to present it to your peer in the next class.

Take a break!

Period 6 Speaking and Writing Unit 1 Great scientists

Speaking-I (5m) Topic 1: In pairs discuss the life and work of any scientists that you know. Explain their achievements and recount stories that show interesting aspects of their character and their work. Talk about how they achieved their success. Was it because of his /her talent, intelligence, hard work persistence, confidence, curiosity, enthusiasm or luck? Prepare to give a talk on you chosen scientist to the class.

The following questions may help you with your discussion. 1.Who is the scientist you admire most? 2.What kind of education did he/she receive? 3.What did he/she achieve in his/her scientific work? 4. Why did he/she achieve great success?

Speaking-II (5m) Topic 2: In pairs discuss what scientific job each of you would like to choose in the future. These questions may help you.

1.What job do you want to do? 2.What education will you need? 3.What personality will be needed? 4.How long will the training take? 5.What work experience would be useful? 6.How will you prepare for this career?

These expressions may be helpful. 1.I always wanted to…because… 2.The experience I will need is… 3.I might find it difficult to … 4.I need to practise… 5.My greatest problem will be to…

writing Now write a report about your scientist, his/her life, achievements and the key to his /her success. Before you begin to write, remember to put you information under three headings: Life Achievements Key to success.

Please plan your report according to these steps: Introduction to the scientist, including dates, where he/she lived and worked and which branch of science; Life of the scientist; Achievements of your chosen scientist; Key to his/her success; General summary of his/her importance in science and why you chose him/her.

Homework Write a report about a great scientist and ask your partner to read you report and give some advice.

Take a break!

Language Data Bank Language points for Reading I Language points for Reading II Video data

Language points for reading I 1.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London---so famous, indeed that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生----他的确太富盛名了,以至于维多利亚女王生孩子时都是他去照料,帮助她顺利分娩. attend v. (1)to take care; give attention 注意,留意. 如: We’ll attend to the solution of that problem later.

(2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看,照料.如: The doctor attended the patients. 医生照看病人. (3)to be present at 出席,到场. 如: attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座 attend church 去教堂 attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼

2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. The book written by LuXun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的. The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生.

发散思维： exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的 exposedness n. 暴露，显露 开放思维: expose to 使易受，使受 expose sth to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局

3.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us. 每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。

注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与 every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为 “一…..就”。如： I will give the letter to him immediately I see him. 我一见到他就把这封信给他。 I came directly I got your letter. 我一接到你的信就来了。

4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals . absorb…..into 吸收 如： e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. 这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。

absorb v. (1)吸收（液体）；承受；承担. 如: (2)to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of ; engross 吸引；使专心；使全神贯注 如: We’ll not absorb these charges. 我们不能承担这些费用。 The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. 作家全神贯注的进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰.

5.He found that in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days. 他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特别厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。

severe v. (1)unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict 严厉的；苛刻的；严格的. 如: The severe trainer has gone abroad. You can breathe freely again. (2)causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent or intense; very serious. 剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的，难熬的 如: a severe attack of toothache. 要求苛严的教官已经出国.你可以完全放心。 牙痛的剧烈发作。

6. The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. 这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。 valuable (1)adj. worth of a lot of money 值钱的，贵重的 如： The watch is valuable. 这表很值钱。 a valuable diamond. 贵重的钻石。

(2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如: valuable information (3)n. (常用复数形式)sth that worth a lot of money. 如: Cathy kept her valuables in a safe. 重大的消息 凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.

7. It seemed the water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。 be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于must, should, ought to 等。 如： No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police. 没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。 You are not to drop litter in the park. 公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。

8.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。 look into 看…...里面；to investigate 检查；了解。 如： We’ll look into this matter together. 我们将一起调查这个问题。

开放思维： look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待 look out 面朝，留神，照料 look over 从上面看，察看，检查 look around 环顾，观光，察看 look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习 look up and down 仔细打量，到处寻找 look after 寻求，照顾，关心

9.In addition, he found two other deaths in another parts of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 除此之外，他发现在伦敦的另一个地方有两个死亡的病例与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联。 in addition adv. as well as 另外 如： In addition, the course also produces practical experience. 此外这门功课还提供了实践的基础。

link…to... 把…与…连接；联系 如： Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime. 指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。 be linked to 连接 如： The two towns are linked by a railway.

10.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease. 有了这个证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。 announce v. to make known publicly 如： The captain announced that the plane was going to land. 机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。

Language points for reading II 1. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 only if 只有；只要。当以only引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。 1) Only if a teacher page permission is a student allowed to enter the room. 2) Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.

make sense 讲得通；有道理 1)看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。 Here, read the sentence. It doesn’t seem to make sense. 2) 你编的故事我听不明白。 Your story doesn’t make sense to me.

2. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。 with the planets going round it是with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：

With + n./pron. + 介词短语 He sat there with a smile on his face. (2) With + n./pron. + 副词 With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room. (3) With + n./pron. + 不定式 With so much work to do, he could not go home. (4) With + n./pron. + 现在分词 The street was quiet with no buses running. (5) With + n./pron. + 过去分词 In came a man with his hands tied back. (6) With + n./pron. + 形容词 He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest.

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