专题讲解一： 阅读理解之猜测词义 解题技巧

Word Guessing Game

What table has no legs? What room has no walls, no doors, no windows, and no floors?  ③What kind of dog never bites?      

timetable (时间表)

mushroom

hotdog (热狗)

猜词技巧是一种很重要的应试技巧。在英语测试阅读理解部分，几乎都包含有判断生词或关键词词义的题目。考试中经常作为考点的词汇包括以下几种： ⑴ 常用词在特殊语言环境中的特殊意义； ⑵ 专业化程度较高的词； ⑶ 生僻词。

常见提问形式 1) The underlined word “…” most likely means _____. 2) The underlined word “…” refers to _______. 3) Which of the following is nearest /closest in meaning to “…” ? 4) In Line …, the word “…” could best be replaced by which of the following? 5) According to the author, the word “…” means _____. 6) By the word “…”, the author means_______.

猜 词 技 巧 A. 利用上下文中的同义关系猜测词义 B．利用上下文中的反义关系猜测词义 利用构词法猜测词义 猜 词 技 巧 A. 利用上下文中的同义关系猜测词义 B．利用上下文中的反义关系猜测词义 利用构词法猜测词义 D. 利用逻辑推理/语境猜测词义

体现同义关系线索词A： like (像……一样), as...as… (如同……一样……), the same as (与……相同) 等。 【例1】 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The manager of the company was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 【解】 plump: ________ fat 体现同义关系线索词A： like (像……一样), as...as… (如同……一样……), the same as (与……相同) 等。

D 【例2】Annealing refers to a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. A. 热胀冷缩 B. 炼铁 C. 高温加热 D. 退火处理 体现同义关系线索词B： refer to(指的是)，mean(意指)，be(是) 等。 D

C 【例3】A mosquito is known as a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood. 【解】 mosquito: ________ 【例4】 Kidney failure , also called kidney injury, develops rapidly over a few hours or a few days. A. a failure B. something wrong C. a disease 体现同义关系线索词C： be known as (被称为) ，be called (被称为) ， be termed (被定义为) ，be defined as (被定义为) 等。 蚊子 C

【例5】Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.　 　译文： 小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为。 体现同义关系线索词D： and和or。

C B A 【例6】The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ( ) 【例7】I told him I was a mason, a person whose job is cutting stone into shape for building. ( ) 【例8】His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ( ) A. 动物学家 B. 石匠 C. 牧人 体现同义关系线索E： 同位语、定语从句。 C B A

【例9】It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 体现同义关系线索F： 标点符号( 括号、冒号、破折号等。) 脆的

1. like, as...as…, the same as等； 2. refer to, mean, be等； 3. be known as, be called, be termed, be defined as等； 4. and 和 or； 5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义； 6. 以标点符号为线索猜测词义。 同义关系线索

B 【例】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones. However，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve．( ) A. complete B. complicated C. different D. firm 【例10】John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things. On the contrary, his wife is very thrifty. 【解】 thrifty: __________ B 节俭的

阅读中应多注意带有 although, but, however, yet, while，unlike，otherwise(否则), nevertheless(然而)， whereas(然而), in contrast, on the other hand，rather than 等表示转折意义词汇的句子。这类句子前后存在明显的对比关系，根据已知内容，通过对比很容易猜出生词的意义。

否定前缀/后缀: 2. 小的、微型的: 3. 前/后: 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀 un-,im-,in-, il-, ir- dis-, mis-, non-, anti-, -less mini-, micro- pre-, post-

-able ____________________________ 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀 -able ____________________________ co- ________________________________ -ship ____________________________ -hood ____________________________ -ish ________________________________ inter _______________________ 能……的 (believable, avoidable) 共同 (cooperate, coexist) 关系；身份 (partnership, championship) 性质；时期 (neighborhood, childhood) 如……的；有点儿……的 (childish) 在……之间 (international)

sub - _____________________________ super- _____________________ re- _____________________________ trans- ________________________ under- _________________________ -ward ______________________________ 亚，副 (subtropics, subworker) 超 (supermarket, superwoman) 再，反复 (restart, retell) 超越；转换 (transplant) 在……之下；低于…… (underground) 向 (forward, backward)

【例】Jason is a language specialist. 译文： Jason是一位语言专家。 【例11】Don't listen to his nonsense. 不要听他胡说八道/胡言乱语。 【例12】Engineers have a tendency to be antisocial. They sometimes are not good at communicating with other people. 工程师有不爱社交的/不善社交的倾向。

1．以逻辑关系为线索 2．以列举的实例为线索 运用生活经验及普通常识进行推理 4. 联想法

修剪 永恒的，永久的 【例13】 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 【解】 trim: ________ 【例14】 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 【解】 permanent: _______________ 修剪 永恒的，永久的

【例15】You can take any of the periodicals 【例15】You can take any of the periodicals. English Learning, National Geographic and Beijing Review are all your best choices. ( ) A. textbook B. newspaper C. magazine D. guidebook C

【例16】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, you'll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once. 【解】 brake: _________ 【例17】 Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 【解】 wing: _____ beak: ______ claw: ______ 【例18】 Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold and water shortage. 【解】 wither: _________ 车刹 翅膀 嘴 爪子 枯萎

【例19】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily got from a shop). 【解】 tool: ______ 笔

Summary 猜 词 技 巧 a. 以逻辑关系为线索 1.利用上下文中的同义关系 2.利用上下文中的反义关系 3.利用构词法 4.利用逻辑推理/语境 猜 词 技 巧 a. 以逻辑关系为线索 b. 以列举的实例为线索 c. 运用生活经验及普通常识 d. 联想法

a refrigerator if it is left there for more than a week. If you 实练1 Chicken becomes rotten very quickly. It can go bad in a refrigerator if it is left there for more than a week. If you have any 1）suspicion that the meat is bad, don’t eat it. Instead of 2）inspecting it very carefully, check the smell, how it looks and feels．The first sign that the chicken is rotten is the smell, so if the chicken has a bad 3）odor，you should throw it out．The second sign that chicken is rotten is the look．If the meat is black，throw it out．The third sign is the feel of the chicken．If the meat is very soft，it might be rotten. 4)Discard it if it is．If only part of the chicken is bad，remove the rotten 5）portion and keep the rest．

A．doubt B．idea C．example （2）The word “inspect” means ． （1）“Suspicion” means ． A．doubt B．idea C．example （2）The word “inspect” means ． A．examining carefully B．visiting C．smelling （3） “Odor” means ． A．sound B．picture C．smell （4） The word “discard” means ． A．keep B．throw out C．cook it again （5） “Portion” here means ． A．whole B．part C．half A If: 逻辑关系 A 生活经验 C so: 逻辑关系 B 普通常识 B and: 同义关系

标点符号（破折号）体现同义关系 实练2 The largest player-Shanghai Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices — deluxe sedans , minivans , station wagons , coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite . The words “deluxe sedans” , “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ______ . A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers C 标点符号（破折号）体现同义关系

实练3 Last November the two groups started " Dog Day Afternoon" in the children' s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a "pawgraphed" book at the last class. The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager. A "pawgraphed" book is most probably ______. a book used in Saturday classes a book written by the children C. a prize for the children D. a gift from parents C 联想法

Thank you !