MODULE MODULE 7 Unit 4 Reading

Independent State of Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚独立国

巴布亚在马来语中意为“卷发人”。 16世纪中叶，葡萄牙人来到该岛时，见当地 居民和自然景观很像非洲的几内亚，故称之 为新几内亚. 巴布亚新几内亚国旗和国徽(极乐鸟 )

首 都 :莫尔兹比港 Port Moresby 面 积 :46.2万平方公里 人 口: 430万人 语 言 :英语 民 族 :美拉尼西亚族  民 族 :美拉尼西亚族 宗 教 :基督教新教、拜物教  货 币 :基那   国庆节: 9月16日  时 差 :比北京时间早2小时  气 候 :热带雨林气候  

Pre-reading Look at the photos and answer the questions.

1. What was Jo’s job in PNG? Jo was a teacher in PNG. 2. What kind of students were in her class? Boys who were as young as we are. 3. What were the classrooms like? The classrooms are very poor, made from bamboo and grass.

4. What can you say about the village? The village was a place full of natural beauties. There are more trees and bamboos. 5. What can you say about life in the village? People in the village lived a simple life.

New words and expressions 1. relevant 　adj. 有关的 2. adjust v. 整理,调整,适应 3. doorway n. 门口 4. platform n. 平台;讲台 5. grill n. 烤架;大平底锅 6. leftover n. 剩余物;剩饭 7. privilege n. 特权,优惠

8. include v. 包含,包括 include和contain include和contain均有“包含,包括”之意。但是include表示所包含之物中的一部分;contain 指所包含之物中的全部或部分,也可表示某一物质中含有什么成分。 9. prepare vt. 准备

Reading Scanning and try to divide it into four parts, and summarize what each part is about. Opening of the letter and introduction to what will be talked about in the passage. Part 1(Paragraph 1) :

The school where Jo worked and Jo’s work at school. Jo and Jenny visited Tombe’s home in the village. Closing of the letter. Part 2(Paragraph 2-3): Part 3 (Paragraph 4-7): Part 4 (Paragraph 8):

Reading carefully Read the passage carefully to complete the tables below!

Table 1 (about the school) Conditions Our school The school described in the letter Classrooms (Equipped or not) Equipped Not equipped

Students’ future Electricity and water (Y/N) Textbook (Y/N) Chemistry experiments (Many/few) Go to college or work Return to the villages Yes No Yes No Many Few

Table 2 (about the life in the village) Types of houses Family relationships Made from bamboo and the roofs from grass Everyone seemed to be a relative of each other

Cooking methods Heat stones first, and then put them in an empty oil drum with kau kau, corn and greens. Cover them with banana leaves and leave them to steam.

Sleeping arrangements Newly made platform for visitors in the father’s room; the mother usually sleep in her own hut

Diet Possessions Agriculture Kau kau, corn and greens A few tin plates and cups and a couple of pots Digging up peanuts with primitive tools; grow kau kau, corn and greens

Beliefs They believe there are evil spirits that are usually attracted by leftover food

Post-reading Guess the reasons for the facts according to the reading passage.

facts reason In the science lesson the boys were frightened by what they saw --- the mixture was bubbling over everywhere, thinking that something terrible had happened, so they jumped out of the windows to escape from danger. 1. The boys jumped out of the windows in the science lesson.

facts reason 2. Jo wondered how relevant chemistry was to the boys. Because most of the boys will go back to their village after studying in the school, and their knowledge of chemistry will prove useless, so Jo wondered how relevant chemistry was to the boys.

facts reason 3. Tombe’s mother cried “ieee ieee” when he say Jo. I think it’s a kind of greeting in their village. And I’m sure all the family members will be happy and excited to have visitors like Jenny and Jo.

facts reason 4. There were no windows in Mukap’s hut. There were no windows in Mukap’s hut. Perhaps in this way can prevent flies, mosquitoes and other insects from coming in. Of course, if there were glass, they could both have a big window, and at the same time, they can keep all the insects from entering.

facts reason 5. The tin can was standing upside down on the grill. The tin can was standing upside down on the grill in order to get the leftover dry up quickly.

facts reason First it was such a long distance from the school to Tombe’s home. Second, the family members and the villagers showed great hospitality to them, which impressed them very deeply. 6. Jo felt it was a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family. Check the answers one by one. (Help the students if possible)

facts reason Third, they got the chance to know the villagers’ simple life. Therefore, they were determined to go on with volunteer work to help the boys get enough education.

Discussion Now we have two topics to discuss: 1. Why do you think Jo become a volunteer in PNG? Give as many possible reasons as you can. 2. Would like to work as a volunteer in a poor area? Give reasons.

A sample of the discussions: A: I think, first of all, Jo was a kind-hearted woman, who is willing to help others. Second, she knew enough about the poor conditions in PNG and thought that she could help teach in the schools. If

I am given the chance, I will do whatever I can to help. B: In my opinion, Jo must have worked as a teacher in Australia, and she applied to become a volunteer abroad, and then she was sent to PNG as a volunteer.

C: Maybe she thinks that education is the key to solving all the problems in PNG, so she, as a teacher, goes to PNG to help. D: Perhaps she likes traveling abroad, helping the poor wherever she goes.

E: I don’t agree with you. You know, she stayed there for two years E: I don’t agree with you. You know, she stayed there for two years. A traveler once did that. She was willing to help the poor children in PNG to be educated. She was doing her bit to change the poor’s state of living and education. If do you bit 干分内的事

everyone in the rich countries should do like her, all the problems stemming from poverty could be solved easily. F: I would like to say something about the second topic. I think I will be a volunteer in a poor area. Whenever I

saw the poor living state of the poor in the western areas and mountainous areas, I was eager to do something for them. All are created equal. But they can’t get what we can enjoy. What a pity! If possible, I will try to help.

Language points 1. I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here. I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. 我知道你极想听到我在这儿的生活,我这儿有一些照片,它们会帮你构思出我要谈到的这个地方。

1) be dying for/ to do sth. 渴望, 极想, 渴望做某事 I’m dying for a piece of cake. I am dying to know where you are from. 2) 辨析: hear 与 listen to hear 强调听的结果 listen to 强调听的动作

在某些感官动词如: see, hear, feel, watch, observe, notice, listen to等后,既可接现在分词作宾语,也可接不带to的不定式作宾补。

Did you hear someone laughing outside? I heard someone read loudly in the morning. He was heard to sing in the next room.

与hear 相关的短语: hear about 听到关于......的消息 hear from 收到……的来信 hear of 听说, 听到 hear sb. out 听到某人把话说完 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做了某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事

The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play A

2. Well, it’s a bush school—the classroom are made from bamboo and the roofs from grass. 是的, 这是一所灌木丛学校---教室是由竹子建成的, 房顶是用草盖的。

1) be made from 由......制成 (看不出原材料) make的用法： 1) be made from 由......制成 (看不出原材料) The paper is made from wood. 2) be made of 由......制成(看出原材料) The house is made of stone. Remember them!

3) be made into 某种原材料制制成某种成品 Glasses is made into bottles. 4) be made in 在某地制造, in后面接表示地点的名词 This TV set is made in Shanghai.

5) be made by 由谁制造 The machine is made by workers in the factory. 6) be made up of 由......组成 The class is made of 30 boys and 30 girls.

3. I’m still trying to adapt to these conditions but, one thing is for sure, I’ve become a lot more imaginative in my teaching. 我现在仍然努力去适应这些状况,但是有一件事是确定的, 我的教学方面已变得更富有想象力了。

1) try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 英语中有些动词后加动名词和不定式作宾语时, 意义区别较大。 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着要做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事

go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 can’ help to do sth. 不能帮着做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

2) imaginative adj. 富有想象力的,爱想象的 an imaginative child/writer有想象力的孩子/富有想象力的作家 imaginary adj. 想象中的,假想的

imaginable adj. 可想象的 imagine v. 设想 imagination n. 想象力 image n. 雕像,肖像

4. The boys had never come across anything like this and started jumping out of the windows. come along 快点,来吧 come back　回来,折回

come from 来自, 从……来 come off 从……离开, 脱落 come out 出来, 出版 come up 走过来, 走近 come over 过来 come to 来到, 结果是 Don’t forget!

5. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village that was the home of one of the boys, Tombe. 但是上周末, 另一位老师Jenny和我拜访了一个村子, 这个村子是其中一个男孩Tombe的家。

did 强调肯定语气, do (does, did)用于强调谓语动词的语气时，要符合以下条件: (1) 句子是肯定句; (2)谓语动词为一般现在时或一般过去时; (3)谓语动词是单独的行为动词或单独的连系动词(be除外)。

The little girl does want to see her mother. 这个女孩非常想见她的母亲。 I do like to eat apples. 我的确喜欢吃苹果。 Do stay a while. 请待会儿。

6. Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombe’s. 每个人都好像是Tombe的亲戚。 1) 跟不定式 I seemed to hear a voice in the distance. He seemed to be in a great hurry.

2) 跟形容词或分词 He seems quite happy. Titanic seems ___ an interesting film. A . is B. are C. be D. to be D

3) 后接(to sb.) that从句, 但主语是it。 It seems to me that there is something strange about the case.在我看来这件案子有点奇怪。 It seems that you are lying. 看来你在撒谎吧。

7. Tomber’s father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof--- this shows it’s a man’s house. Tomber的父亲Mukap领着我们到了他的房子, 一间低矮的房顶外长满草的小竹屋,这表明它是一个男人的房子。

with的复合结构(with+ 宾语+ 宾补) 1) with + n. + doing ( doing表示 with 后名词发生的动作, 此名词为动作的执行者) He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky.

2) with + n. + done (done 和with后面的宾语构成动宾关系, 此宾语是动作的承受者。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.

3) with + n. + to do 动词不定式表示目的, 或将发生,未发生的事。 With all these mouth to feed, he didn’t know what to do. With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived at the station.

4) with + n. + prep. phrase The teacher came in with some textbooks under her arm. 5) with + n. + adj When he is eating, he doesn’t speak with his mouth full of food.

stick out 突出,伸出 stick out for sth. 坚持要求某事物 stick to sth. 不放弃/改变某事物 stick at sth. 坚持不懈 stick with sb. 继续支持某人 stick up 向上突起,坚起

8. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. 新鲜的草被铺在地面上,而且那儿有一个新搭的平台以便珍妮和我睡在上面。

lay vt. (lay, laid, laid) 1) 将某物/人置于某位置或某物表面 lay the bottle on the desk 2) 产卵 The bird lays eggs in the other birds nets.

lay—laid—laid—laying 放置;产蛋,下蛋 lie—lied—lied—lying 说谎 lie—lay—lain—lying 躺;位于 与lay相关的短语： lay eggs 产卵 lay sth. aside 把......放在一边

lay sth. down 放下;停止使用 lay sb. off 解雇某人 lay the table 摆放桌子 If only he ___ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie C

9. I love listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I didn’t understand a word. 即使我一句话也听不懂, 我还是喜欢听他们家人那种用自己的语言彼此轻柔地交谈。

even though/even if 尽管,即使 引导让步状语从句,后常用虚拟式动词表示与事实相反的动作或行为。当让步状语从句的动词用虚拟表示与事实相反的假设时,通常用even though/ even if, 而不用though, although或as。

You are not stupid. Even though/ Even if you were slow in study, you shouldn’t give up your studies. 你并不愚笨, 即使你学得慢一点, 也 不应该放弃学习。

10. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family. enjoy privileges 享受特权 have the privilege of … 有…的特权 　 as a special privilege 作为特权许可 　 by special privilege 根据特权

11. It’s getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow’s lessons. prepare sth. 准备某事 　 prepare for sth. 为…做准备 　 prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为某事做好准备

get/be prepared to do 有能力且愿意做某事 be prepared for sth. 为…做好准备 make preparations for 为…做准备 in preparation 准备中

辨析:prepare与prepare for prepare for 为......做准备,for的宾语一般只是谓语动作要达到的目标。

The teacher is preparing lesson. 老师在备课。 The teacher is preparing for lesson. 老师正在为上课做准备。

Homework 1. Finish Exercise 3 on Page 31. 2. Read the passage again after class and find all the attributive clauses in it. 3. Recite the key sentences in the text. 4. Preparations: Learning about Language on Page 32.