寒假作业 27期周报，Practice 1,2,3,4 晋城一中 刘凌云

bring up 抚养，养育；呕吐；提出 This is the place where I was born and brought up. 这就是生我养我的地方。 The woman suddenly fell ill and brought up what she ate. 那个女人突然病了并呕吐不止。 The chairman brought up a problem for discussion. 主席提出一个问题供大家讨论。

badly 差地，严重地，非常，很 I was angry because I played so badly. 我很生气，因为我弹得这么糟。 One man was killed and another badly injured. 一人死亡，另一个受重伤。 We want to see her badly. 我们非常想见她.

in fact 实际上，事实上 actually as a matter of fact in reality in truth

It作形式宾语 代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句。 He found it difficult to stop smoking. I think it best that you should do more exercise. She thought it no good worrying about him.

当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。

1. 动词 (make /feel /find /consider /think /believe 等) He found it important to study English well. I felt it an honour to be invited to make a speech here.

2. 某些含有介词的动词短语如 see to (注意，保证), depend on, answer for (对…负责), rely on, count on, insist on, stick to . When you leave, you must see to it that the window is closed. You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English. I’m counting on it that you will come.

3.某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate, prefer等 。 I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。 We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 I'd appreciate it if you wouldn't mention it. 如果你不提它，我会很感激。 I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。

upset upsetting adj. 令人心烦意乱的 adj.沮丧的;难过的;失望的; After she died I felt very, very upset. vt. 使不安，使心烦 The bad news had upset the boy’s mother.  n. 烦恼，失望 upsetting adj. 令人心烦意乱的

accomplishment (n.) 成就 achievement submit I have to submit my report by next Wednesday. 提交（建议、报告或请求） I will submit to nobody. 屈从，顺从

为了避免重复, it, that, one(s), those都可用来代替上文出现的名词，但它们的用法不同。现在来区别。

it代替的是前面提到的同一名称的同一事物，即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可数名词。如： I like the bike, but I have no enough money to buy it.

2. one代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个,即同名异物，是泛指，所代替名词是可数名词, 其前可带冠词与修饰语。如代替复数名词，则用ones。如： The population problem may be the greatest one in the world today. (one代替可数名词problem) -Which jackets are yours? -The white ones. (ones代替可数名词jackets)

3. that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可数名词，但其前通常不能有修饰语。如： The teacher in our school is younger than that in their school. (that代替可数名词teacher) The weather of this week is worse than that of last week. (that代替不可数名词weather)

4. those代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，只能指代复数名词，相当于the ones。如： The computers in your office are more expensive than those in our school. (those代替复数名词computers)  

区别 I. it／one ／that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。 I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella） I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了） The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”）

II. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词; that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词。 A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中one可以换成a chair） The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）

III. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。 I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen） There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数people） Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting） These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）

IV. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。 The one ／That on the table is mine. （该句中The one代替事物, 并且也可以用That） He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （该句中the one代替人, 不能用that）

Thank you!