被动语态复习

一、被动语态的定义： 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

二、各种时态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：You are required to do this. 2）一般过去时：The story was told by her. 3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

4）现在进行时：The question is being discussed in the meeting room. 5）过去进行时：The new road was being made. 6）现在完成时：The novel has been read. 7)情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.

三、主动语态变被动语态 1.They make shoes in that factory. Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时的被动语态构成 ： S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词

2. They bought ten computers last term． Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词

3．Ling Feng can take good care of Polly ． Polly can be taken good care of by Ling Feng . 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词

4.They will finish the work in ten days. The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词

5. Some workers are painting the rooms now． The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词

6．We have made twenty more keys． Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词

7．I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night． My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词

四、何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world． 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了。

三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and …… It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知… … It is well known that … 据推测说… … It is supposed that …

四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。 例如： Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao． 魏华是被林涛叫来的。

五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989． 六、表示礼貌时。例如： You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00p．m．tomorrow．敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。

五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？ 1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last， own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如： 【正】The shirt fits him very well． 【误】He is fitted very well by the shirt．

2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如： 【正】Look at the blackboard，please． 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you．

3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如： 【正】He joined the League in 1998． 【误】The League was joined by him in 1998．

4.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如： 【正】The boy make faces in class． 【误】Faces are made by the boy in class． Great changes have taken place in Jinan since last year.

5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself． 【误】Yourself must be looked after

Practice

先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句 1．People grow wheat in North China． 2．They bought ten computers last term．

3．Some workers are painting the classrooms now． 4．We have made twenty more beds． 5．Ling Feng can take good care of Polly. 6．I was doing my homework at 8：00 last night．

一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？ Uncle Li lent us the boat last week．（变被动） We were lent the boat by Uncle Li last week． The boat was lent to us by Uncle Li last week．（加上了to，有的也加for）

Mum made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by my mother.

间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make， draw，buy等。

二、My parents made me water all these young trees．（变被动） I was made to water all these young trees by my parents．（加上了to）

这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have， see，notice，look at，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。

Exercises

1.People use knives for cutting things. (变被动语态） 1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives ______ ______ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month. are used are cleaned

3.I found the ticket on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She ______ _______ to return the book in time. The ticket was found was told

5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them. was made to have can be used

7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _______ our work______ _______ today? Were many trees planted Must be finished

9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. we were given were given to us

10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory. was asked is done

12.He can mend the bike in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day. can be mended must be taken

14.The students in this school study German. German _______ ________ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? ______ this question often _______ about _______ _______? is studied Is talked by them

16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag. I must _______ ______ to move away this heavy bag. 17.Was the window broken by Tom?（变为主动语态） ______ Tom______ the window? be helped Did break

18.The tractor wasn’t driven out of the road. He______ _______ the tractor out of the road. 19.Doesn’t Bob clean the street every day? _______ the street _________ by Bob every day? didn’t drive Isn’t cleaned

20.What can they do to finish the work on time? ________ _______ _______ _______ by them to finish the work? What can be done

21.None of the children were made to try the new medicine by the doctor. The doctor _______ _______ _____ ______ the ________ ________ the new medicine. didn’t make any of children try

1．We sweep the floor every day． 将下列句子改为被动语态 1．We sweep the floor every day． 2．He does morning exercises every morning． 3．He gave me a book yesterday． 巩固练习

4．The nurses take care of the sick old man． 5．You can take the book out of the reading room． 6．What do the workers use the machine for？ 7．I made him work two hours every day．

8．Class One will help the farmers tomorrow． 9．We have learned two thousand English words． 10．We found many students playing football on the playground.

将下列句子改为主动语态 1Was the work finished by him yesterday？ 2．He was given a pen by me yesterday． 3．Children should be taken good care of．

4．The trees must be put in the hole by them． 5．The car is not being repaired by her now． 6.Were the books taken away by the girl?

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