冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明 名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（ The Indefinite Article ）和定冠词（ The definite Article ）两种。 a (an) 是不定冠词， the 是定冠词。 Unit 2 冠 词 （ Articles ） （一）. 不定冠词的用法 1. 用在可数名词前表示 “ 一个 ” 相当于 “ one ” 。. There is a book on the desk. I’ll return in a day or two. 2. 表示 “ 某一个 ” 相当于 “a certain”. A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs.

3. 表示 “ 一类 ” 相当于 “any”. A horse is a useful animal. 4. 表示 “ 每一 ” 相当于 “per”. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. The envelopes are one yuan and twenty fen a dozen. 5. 用在某些固定词组中. a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time

6. 用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍 :a + 抽象名 词， 起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. It is a pleasure to talk with you. It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 7. 与物质名词连用，表示 “ 一种，一阵、一份 ” 。 What a heavy rain! What a good supper! Please give me a black coffee! 8. “a” 用在辅音开头前, “an” 用在元音开头前. a useful book, a European country, a one-year-old child, an hour, an honest boy, an 800-metre-long bridge, There is an “s” in the word “smile”. f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x,

( 二 ). 定冠词的用法 1. 表示文中再次提到的人或物. There is a book on the desk. The book is an English book. 2. 表示特指的人或物 ( 即 : 谈话时彼此都知道的人或 物 ). Look at the blackboard. Open the door, please. 3. 用在单数可数名词前表示类指 The horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.

4. 表示世界上独一无二的东西 the sun, the earth, the capital, the sky, the universe but: in nature, in space, 5. 用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前 以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Changjiang River, the Urul Mountains, the Philippines, the Pacific 6. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前。 the second story, the largest room

7. 用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语 中。 on the left, in the east / west, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end 8. 用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。 the poor / rich / old / young / living / wounded 9. 在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。 The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table. 10. 弹奏乐器时，乐器名词前 Do you like to play the piano or the violin? ( play erhu )

11. 在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词 The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. 12. 年代前 In the 1870’s, when Marx was already in his fifties, … 13. 在表示阶级、阶层的词前 the ruling class, the working people 14. 用在一些习惯用语中。如： in the morning (afternoon, evening), by the way, in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home

15. 定冠词使用特殊的场合。 ① He hit him in the face. beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head ② the elder of the two, the more beautiful of the two ③ The sooner, the better. ④ He got paid by the hour. by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year… 但： by weight 按重量

（三）不用冠词的情况 1. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等 名词前 China, America, Smith, Air is matter. Failure is the mother of success. But: He is the Mr. Zheng you are looking for. He is a living Lei Feng. The Shanghai of today is quite different from what it was. Longjing is a famous tea. a heavy rain, a strong wind, a soup It is a pleasure to talk to him. He wanted to give me a pleasant surprise.

2. 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、 名词所有格限制时 This book is mine. 3. 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前 spring, summer, autumn / fall, winter, Sunday, October, National Day but: in the spring of that year, I met him on a Monday last month. 4. 称呼语，表示头衔的名词作宾语补足语及同位语 时 What’s this, Mother? He was made monitor.

5. 学科名词，球类、棋类名词前 Do you study mathematics? He likes playing football / chess. 6. 泛指复数名词前 Computers are widely used in our daily life. They are workers. 7. 在与 by 连用的交通工具名称前 by car, by bus, by train 8. 某些固定词组中 (1). 名词词组 husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night, knife and fork

(2). 介词词组 to / at / from school, in class, in prison, to / at / from work in front of / in the front of at table / at the table out of question / out of the question in charge of / in the charge of in possession of / in the possession of by sea / by the sea 9. as 引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带 冠词。 Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.

10. 系动词 turn （作 “ 变成 ” 解）后作表语的单数可 数名词前习惯不用冠词。 The young girl has turned writer. = The young girl has become a writer. 11. 在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示 “ 一个 接一个 ” ）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。 She did experiment after experiment. shop after shop, mistake after mistake 12. 形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词 的情况。 ① “most + 形容词原级 ” 作 “ 十分、非常、极 ” 解时， 前面不用定冠词。 Oh, it’s most beautiful.

②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第 二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。 She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school. ③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相 比时，其前不用定冠词。 The market in the country is busiest in winter. ④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不 能用定冠词。 A wolf in a sheep’s skin is our most dangerous enemy.

⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示 “ 第 ……” 之意，但 在 second 、 third 等词前加不定冠词表示 “ 又一，再 一 ” 之意。 …why you took a second arrow 注意：下句中 “a first” 表示 “ 第一名、冠军 ” 。 He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths. 13. no 与 such 连用时应放在 such 之前， such 后面的 名词不用冠词。 No such thing has ever happened in this village.

15. 有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为 了引起注意力，省去 a(n) 或 the, 这主要用于新闻标 题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名 等。 Conference opens. 会议召开了。 （四） 练习 The sign reads “ in case of _____ fire, break the glass and push ____ red button. A. x; a B. x; the C. the; the D. a; a