GRAMMAR ---Articles( 冠词 )
Articles( 冠词 ) The Indefinite Article( 不 定冠词): a/an 泛指 The definite article( 定 冠词): the 特指 Exercise 零冠词即不用冠词
a/an 为不定冠词 用于 前,表示 ,意思是 “ ” 。 a 用于以 开始的词前, an 用于以 开始的词前,如: A boy is swimming. Getting together is an important thing. 单数可数 n. 泛指 一个辅音音素 元音因素
元音因素 元音因素: 元音字母 元音字母: 元音因素不是元音字母 例如, an hour , an honor , an “A” a “U” [i:] [i] [e] [ ae] [a:] [ ɔ ] [ ɔ :] [u:] [u] [ ʌ ] [ ə:] [ə][ei] [ai][əu] [au] [ ɔ i] [iə] [ ɛ ə] [ uə] a e i o u
2) 表示某一事物中的任何一个 *An elephant is bigger than a horse. *A monkey can climb trees. 不定冠词的用法 1) 表示某人 ( 事物 ) 的某一种类 * My father is a driver. * Do you like an apple or a pear?
3) 表示某人某物, 但不具体说明何人何物。 *A student from Class Two runs fastest. *A man is calling now. 4) 表示数量, 有 “ 一 ” 的含义 *There is a flower in the vase. *A panda has a mouth, a nose , two eyes.
5) 有些不可数名词要表示 “ 一种 ” 、 “ 一场 ” 、 “ 一堆 ” 时, 须 加不定冠词 *a heavy snow *a strong wind *make a fire *have a good time 6) 用于固定词组 *half an hour *a moment ago * a lot of *have a rest *a little * a few *a pair of
用于可数名词单数、复数及不 可数名词前,表示 “ 有所指定 ” 的 含义。另外,下列情况也要用 定冠词: the 为定冠词
1 )用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前,如: the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky 2 )用于说话双方都知道的所指的人或事物名 词前,如: Close the door , please. 3 )用在第二次提到的人或事物的名词前,如: I read a story. The story was interesting. 4 )用在表示方向或方位的名词前,如: Shanghai is in the east of China.
5 )在序数词或形容词最高级前,如: John is the tallest boy in our class. 6 )用在山、河、海、湖、岛等名词前,如: the Yellow River , the West Lake 7 )用在由普通名词组合起来构成的专有名词前,如 the United Nations, the People’s Republic of China 但以汉语拼音开头的专有名词前则不用定冠词,如: Beijing Hotel
8 )用在名词化的形容词前表示一类人或事物,如: the young, the rich, the happy, the poor 9 )用在演奏的乐器名称前,如: play the piano , play the violin 10 )用在姓名的复数形式前,表示一家人,如: the Smiths, the Wangs
江河海洋与群山, 沙漠群岛海峡湾。 阶级党派朝代名, 家族民族与报刊。 厂矿机关农历节, 天体组织会议船。 习语特指独有词, 普通名词专有含。 计量代位洋乐器, 人的事物再次谈。 方位次序最高级, 前面都需用定冠。
以下情况习惯不用冠词 1 )表示名称的专有名词前,如: Beijing , English , Mary 2 )一日三餐的名词前,如: We usually have breakfast at seven. 3 )球类运动、棋类活动及科学名称名 词前,如: Don’t play football in the street. 4 )季节、月份、星期名称前,如: I like go swimming in summer.
5 )某些常用词组中不用冠词,如: go to school, go to bed, at home, by bus 6 )名词前已有明确的指示代词或物主代词修 饰时,不再用冠词,如: my book , his schoolbag , this room , those flowers 7 )一般情况下节日名称前不用冠词,如 Children’s Day 但中国的春节除外 the Spring Festival
下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前 ; 专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭 ; 复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前 ; 颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
Exercises 1 There is ________ “m” in ________ word “mother”. 2 Did you play ________ basketball or play ________ piano after _______school? 3 Turn right at ________ third crossing on ________ left. 4 They got to ________ moon by ________ spaceship. 5 She is ________ university student, she likes ________ music of ________ film. anthe / the/ the the the/ a the the
6 We didn't have ______ history yesterday, we went to visit ________ History Museum. 7 ________ Smiths went to ________ capital of ________ China last year. 8 What ________ windy day it is! 9 His ________ best friend flew to _______ France ________ last week. 10 ________ Chinese doctor told him to take _____ three times ______ day / the The the / a / / / A/ a