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Text B- Vocabulary1 Text B occupation n. job or profession 职业 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension occupation n. job or profession 职业 construction n. building (of things) such as houses, factories, roads, and bridges 建筑 inspector n. a person, usually employed by a government agency, whose job is to find out whether people are obeying official regulations 检查员，巡视员 on the job 在工作中

Text B- Vocabulary2 Text B code n. Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension code n. a set of rules about how people should behave or about how something must be done 规则，准则；代码 standard n. adj. level of quality or achievement, especially a level that is thought to be acceptable, sth. that you use in order to judge the quality of sth. else 标准 usual and normal 标准的

Text B- Vocabulary3 Text B experienced adj. Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension experienced adj. having been doing a particular job or activity for a long time, and therefore know a lot about it or are very skillful at it 有经验的 install vt. put (sth. like equipment) somewhere so that it is ready to be used 安装 maintain vt. keep sth. in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary; keep sth. at a particular level; strongly believe 维护，维修；保持；坚决认为

Text B- Vocabulary4 Text B treatment n. Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension treatment n. attention paid to sth.; behavior towards sb. or sth. 处理；对付 commercial adj. involving or relating to the buying and selling of goods 商业的 electrician n. a person whose job is to install and repair electrical equipment 电工 elevator n. a device that carries people or goods up and down inside tall buildings 电梯

Text B- Vocabulary5 Text B coordination n. Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension coordination n. the ability to use the different parts of the body together efficiently; organizing the activities of two or more groups so that they work together efficiently and know what the others are doing （身体）协调；协调，沟通 local adj. existing in or belonging to the area where one lives, or to the area that one is talking about 地方的，当地的 subway n. underground railroad 地铁

Text B- Vocabulary5 Text B probationary n. Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension probationary n. during the period in which an employer can decide whether a person is suitable for a certain job 见习的，试用的 yard n. a large open area where a particular type of work is done; a flat area next to a building 工作场地；后院，院子 break down 出故障

Text B- Vocabulary5 Text B plastic adj. Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension plastic adj. produced from oil by a chemical process and used to make many objects 塑料的 setter n. sb. who sets (up) sth. 安放者，安装者

Text B1 Text B Top 9 Blue-Collar Jobs Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Top 9 Blue-Collar Jobs 1 Most occupations that can be referred to as “bluecollar” depend on some kind of skills, plenty of training and technical knowledge. Several professions are widely found in today’s workforce, and the most highly-skilled workers will have the best opportunities for work in these occupations. What’s more, the pay for these jobs is almost as much as that for many so-called white-collar jobs, and quite often, depending on the industry, these workers even make much more than the average American worker.

Text B2-3 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 2 Below are 9 of the best-paying blue-collar jobs that are still very much in demand in today’s workforce. 3 Construction and building inspectors receive their training on the job, but they must learn building codes and standards by themselves. Experienced inspectors can teach them the most about skills, rules and reporting duties.

Text B4-5 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 4 Plumbers and pipefitters install, maintain and repair many different types of pipe systems from those in city water treatment plants to residential, commercial and public buildings. They generally learn the profession through some training programs. 5 Structural iron and steel workers usually take part in a three- or four-year apprenticeship to learn the skills necessary to place and install iron or steel construction materials that form structures such as buildings and bridges.

Text B6-7 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 6 Electricians learn their profession through apprenticeship programs that combine on-the-job training and related classroom instruction. Eye-hand coordination, physical fitness and a good sense of balance are essential to people who want to do a good job in this field. 7 Elevator installers train for their jobs through apprenticeships that can last up to four years, and then apply through a local office of the International Union of Elevator Constructors.

Text B8-9 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 8 Police officers often train for 12 to 14 weeks at the state and local levels and then go through a probationary period ranging from six months to three years. Through experience and skill, they can work their way up. 9 Subway or streetcar operators most often start off as yard laborers before they begin training. In addition to needing mechanical ability, these workers need to pass a physical exam and some other tests.

Text B10 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 10 Commercial and industrial equipment electrical and electronics repairers need knowledge of electrical equipment and electronics to make necessary repairs when equipment breaks down. They can train through a one- to two-year community college or vocational school programs or on-the-job training.

Text B11 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 11 Plastic machine setters set up and maintain machines that turn plastic things into something from toys to auto parts. These people learn their skills on the job, sometimes taking formal training programs.

Text B Comprehension1 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension A. Answer the following questions according to the text. 1. What do “blue-collar” occupations depend on? __________________________________________________________________________________ “Blue-collar” occupations depend on some kind of skills, plenty of training and technical knowledge. 2. Do “blue-collar” workers make more money than average American workers? __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ Depending on the industry, these “blue-collar” workers even make much more than the average American worker.

Text B Comprehension2 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 3. Where do plumbers and pipefitters install, maintain and repair pipe systems? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Plumbers and pipefitters install, maintain and repair many different types of pipe systems from those in city water treatment plants to residential, commercial and public buildings. 4. What do people need to do if they want to become subway or streetcar operators? The people need to pass a physical exam and some other tests if they want to become subway or streetcar operators. __________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________

Text B Comprehension3 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 5. Where can commercial and industrial equipment electrical and electronics repairers be trained? They can train through a one- to two-year community college or vocational school programs or on-the-job training. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________

Text B Comprehension4 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension B. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text. Write T if it is true, or F if false. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. __ F “Blue-collar” jobs are generally paid much less than “white-collar” jobs. Construction and building inspectors learn everything on the job. Police officers can work their way up through experience and skill. To become aircraft mechanics, people must have 8 months of work experience. For plastic machine setters, formal training programs are always necessary. __ F __ T __ F __ F

Text B-T1 Text B 排名前九的蓝领工作 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 排名前九的蓝领工作 对于大多数可以被称为“蓝领”的职业而言，从业人员需具有一定的技能，接受过培训和拥有相关的技术知识。在今天的就业中，有几个行业深受劳动力大军的欢迎，而技能最高的那些工人将在这些行业中得到最好的工作机会。更重要的是，这些职位的薪酬和所谓的白领职位的薪酬几乎一样多，而且很多时候，视行业而定，这些工人的工资甚至要高于美国工人的平均工资。

Text B-T2-3 Text B 以下是九个薪水最高的蓝领工作，这些工作在今天仍是紧缺岗位： Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 以下是九个薪水最高的蓝领工作，这些工作在今天仍是紧缺岗位： 施工和建筑监理人员：接受在职培训，但要自学建筑规范和标准，主要由经验丰富的监理人员传授技能、规章和职责报告。

Text B-T4-5 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 水暖工和管道工：安装、维护和修理从城市污水处理厂到住宅、商务楼和公共建筑的各种管道系统。一般通过培训项目进行专业学习。 钢铁建筑工：通常要做三到四年的学徒工，学习必需的技能来安装搭建楼房和桥梁的钢铁建材。

Text B-T6-7 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 电工：通过在职培训和课堂教学相结合的学徒计划获得专业技能。良好的手眼协调能力、健康的体魄和较好的平衡感是在这一领域有所成就的必备素质。 电梯安装工：需学满为期四年的学徒期，然后向国际电梯制造师联盟的当地办事处进行申请。

Text B-T8-9 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 警务人员：通常要经过国家和地方举办的为期12至14周的培训，然后再通过六个月到三年不等的试用期，具备经验和技能后才能转正。 地铁或有轨电车操作工：多数人在接受培训之前需先从铁路调车场的普通工人干起。除了需要机修技能之外，还需通过体检和其他一些测试。

Text B-T10 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 商业和工业电气电子设备维修工：需具备电气和电子设备知识，能够维修设备故障。可参加一到两年的社区学院进修、职业学校的课程培训或在职培训。

Text B-T11 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 塑料机械安装工：安装和维护加工从玩具到汽车零部件等各种塑料制品的机器。主要在工作中学习相应技能，有时也接受正规培训。

Text B - occupation Text B occupation n. job or profession 职业 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension occupation n. job or profession 职业 I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure. 我想我那时在寻找一份冒险型职业。

Text B -construction Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension construction n. building (of things) such as houses, factories, roads, and bridges 建筑 Jim now works in construction. 吉姆现在从事建造业。 Phrase: under construction 在建造中

Text B - inspector Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension inspector n. a person, usually employed by a government agency, whose job is to find out whether people are obeying official regulations 检查员，巡视员 Phrases: (1) inspector general 监察长，检查长 (2) quality inspector 质量检验员 (3) ticket inspector 验票员，查票员，检票员 (4) food inspector 食品检查员，食物检查员

Text B - on the job Text B on the job 在工作中 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension on the job 在工作中 I think that involves learning on the job. 我认为这需要在工作中慢慢学习。

Text B -code Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension code n. a set of rules about how people should behave or about how something must be done 规则，准则；代码 Phrases: (1) bar code 条形码；电脑条码 (2) code of conduct 行为准则；规范 (3) civil code [法]民事法典

Text B - standard Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension standard n. level of quality or achievement, especially a level that is thought to be acceptable, sth. that you use in order to judge the quality of sth. else 标准 The standard answer is that we need better leaders. 标准答案就是我们需要更好的领导。 adj. usual and normal 标准的 For such a series it is usual to design a standard margin. 对于这种系列图幅，通常是设计一种标准图廓。

Text B - experienced Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension experienced adj. having been doing a particular job or activity for a long time, and therefore know a lot about it or are very skillful at it 有经验的 lawyers who are experienced in these matters 在这些事情上有经验的律师们 experience n. (个人的)经验；体验 Experience is the mother of wisdom (或knowledge, science). [谚语]经验乃智慧(或学问、科学)之母。

Text B - install Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension install vt. put (sth. like equipment) somewhere so that it is ready to be used 安装 Install turn signal lamp bulb. 安装转向信号灯灯泡。

Text B - maintain Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension maintain vt. keep sth. in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary; keep sth. at a particular level; strongly believe 维护，维修；保持；坚决认为 The house costs a fortune to maintain. 这房子要花一大笔钱维修。 We must maintain friendly relations with them. 我们必须和他们保持友好关系。 I maintained my opinion. 我坚持自己的意见。

Text B - treatment Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension treatment n. attention paid to sth.; behavior towards sb. or sth. 处理；对付 Many patients are not getting the medical treatment they need. 许多病人都没有得到他们需要的医疗。 There should be greater treatment of sewage before it is discharged. 污水排放前应该进行更充分的处理。

Text B - commercial Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension commercial adj. involving or relating to the buying and selling of goods 商业的 For commercial innovations, we now rely on patents to encourage and protect innovators. 对于商业创新，我们现在依靠专利来鼓励和保护创新者。 Turn the channel — there are too many commercials. 转换一下频道——广告太多了。

Text B - electrician Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension electrician n. a person whose job is to install and repair electrical equipment 电工 If you’ve got a vocation to be an electrician, go learn how to be an electrician. 如果你可以做电工，那就去学怎样做一个电工。

Text B - coordination Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension coordination n. the ability to use the different parts of the body together efficiently; organizing the activities of two or more groups so that they work together efficiently and know what the others are doing （身体） 协调；协调，沟通 clumsiness and lack of coordination 笨手笨脚，缺乏协调能力 the lack of coordination between the civilian and military authorities 民事机关和军事机关缺少协作

Text B -elevator Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension elevator n. a device that carries people or goods up and down inside tall buildings 电梯 We took the elevator to the fourteenth floor. 我们乘电梯到了第14层。

Text B -local Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension local adj. existing in or belonging to the area where one lives, or to the area that one is talking about 地方的，当地的 Some local residents joined the students’ protest. 一些当地居民加入了学生的抗议活动。 Phrases: (1) local government 地方政府 (2) local area network 局域网 (3) local culture 本土文化 (4) local time 当地时间

Text B - probationary Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension probationary n. during the period in which an employer can decide whether a person is suitable for a certain job 见习的，试用的 New employees undergo a one-month probationary period. 新进员工有一个月试用期。 Phrases: (1) probationary period 试用期间，考验期间 (2) probationary party member 预备党员

Text B - subway Text B subway n. underground railroad 地铁 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension subway n. underground railroad 地铁 I don’t ride the subway late at night. 我深夜不坐地铁。 Phrases: subway station 地铁车站 (2) take the subway 乘地铁 (3) subway system 地铁网 (4) by subway 乘坐地铁

Text B -break down Text B break down 出故障 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension break down 出故障 Talks with business leaders broke down last night. 与商界领导人的谈判于昨晚失败了。

Text B -plastic Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension plastic adj. produced from oil by a chemical process and used to make many objects 塑料的 Plastic traveling bags are sold out today. 塑料旅行袋今天已经卖完了。 Phrases: (1) plastic film 塑料薄膜 (2) plastic bag 塑料袋 (3) plastic packaging 塑料封装 (4) plastic surgery [医]整形外科

Text B -setter Text B setter n. sb. who sets (up) sth. 安放者，安装者 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension setter n. sb. who sets (up) sth. 安放者，安装者 Google’s dominance makes it a de facto standard setter. 谷歌的主导地位让它成为了实际上的标准制订者。

Text B- What’s more… Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension What’s more ... so-called white-collar jobs: Moreover, the pay for these jobs is nearly the same as that for many so-called white-collar jobs. What’s more: furthermore, moreover 不仅如此，而且 What’s more, the price is fairly reasonable. 而且，价格也相当公道。 as much as: to the same extent 同等程度地 I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

Text B-these workers… Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension …these workers even make much more than the average American worker: The salary of blue-collar workers is higher than that of the average American worker.

Text B-Below are…1 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Below are 9 ... in today’s workforce.: The followings are the top 9 best-paying blue-collar jobs, which are still much needed in today’s workforce. below: refers to the thing or things that you are about to mention Below are some exceptions that we should pay attention to. 下面是我们需要注意的几种例外情况。

Text B-Below are…2 Text B in demand: greatly desired 需要的，被需求的 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension in demand: greatly desired 需要的，被需求的 Not all people have skills that are in demand though. 但并不是所有的人都具有所要求的技能。

Text B-Plumbers… Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Plumbers and pipefitters ... commercial and public buildings.: Plumbers and pipefitters install, maintain and repair many different types of pipe systems, which range from those in city water treatment plants to residential, commercial and public buildings. Here, “those” is a pronoun, referring to the pipe systems.

Text B-Electricians… Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Electricians ... classroom instruction.: Electricians learn their profession through apprenticeship programs, including both on-the-job training and related classroom instruction. apprenticeship: a fixed period of time during which someone learns a skill from a person who has the particular skill 学徒期 This is how I served my apprenticeship in the composition of songs. 这就是我如何完成自己在作曲方面的学徒生涯。

Text B-Eye-hand coordination… Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Eye-hand coordination ... in this field.: In order to do a good job in this field, eye-hand coordination, physical fitness and a good sense of balance are three key elements. Here, “who want to do a good job in this field” is a relative clause sentence, which modifies “people”. physical fitness: good physical condition; being in shape or in condition 身体健康 Good muscles are one of the prerequisites of physical fitness. 肌肉发达是身体健康的一个必备条件。

Text B--a probationary… Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension … a probationary period ranging from six months to three years: a trial period is about six months to three years. a probationary period: the state or period of such testing or trial 见习期 We decided, in view of special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定给他一段试用期。 range from…to…: vary within certain limits 范围从… 到… The jobs range from advertising sales to engineering. 工作范围从广告销售到工程师。

Text B--In addition to… Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension In addition to ... some other tests.: Besides needing mechanical ability, these workers need to pass a physical exam and some other tests. In addition to: as well as; besides 此外 He speaks French in addition to English. 他除了说英语之外，还会说法语。

Text B--to make necessary… Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension … to make necessary repairs when equipment breaks down: to make necessary repairs when equipment is out of order

Text B-Plastic machine-…1 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Plastic machine setters ... auto parts.: Plastic machine setters set up and maintain machines, which can turn plastic things into many things, from toys to auto parts. Here, “from toys to auto parts” is a prepositional phrase, which modifies “something”. turn into: be changed, transformed, or converted into 改成，变成 They turned the reading room into a laboratory. 他们把阅览室改建成了一个试验室。

Text B-Plastic machine-…2 Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension auto parts: 汽车配件 That should make his counterparts in the auto parts industry elsewhere very nervous. 这应该令他在各地的汽配业对手感到非常紧张。

Text B--These people learn… Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension These people learn ... formal training programs.: These people learn their skills on the job, and sometimes also learn their skills by taking formal training programs. Here, “taking” is a non-finite verb, and the subject “people” of “taking formal training programs” is omitted.