Part2 考点13 Part2 语法专题 考点13 主谓一致
对主谓一致的考查在湖南高考中主要出现在单项填空部分。 1.主要考查的知识点: (1)主语为不可数名词、不定代词、表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子等时,其谓语动词的数。 (2)every / each / no 修饰名词作主语,及and连接的两个有every /each/no修饰的名词作主语时,或more than one +名词以及many a +单数名词作主语时,谓语动词的数。
复习重点: (1)主谓意义一致的情况 (2)主谓形式一致的情况 2.如何应对主谓的考查 主谓一致的考查主要是根据主语部分来确定谓语动词的数,往往与时态一起考。解题时,首先认清主语部分,结合4个选项,比较每个选项的动词的时态及单复数,再判断该选用哪一个。
(2010·湖南)Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 思路点拨:分析题干句主语为动名词,那么谓语动词该用单数。比较四个选项,A、C选项为单数,而根据主语与caused的主动关系,排除A项,从而可判断选C项。
熟 读 深 思 1. 意义(语法)一致原则 只要确定句子的主语是单数意义,则谓语用单数;句子的主语是复数意义,则谓语用复数。 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空 (1) Physics is(be) not easy to understand. (2) When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been_decided(not decide) yet. (3) Nothing is(be) impossible. (4) Ten pounds was(be) missing from the box. (5) This pair of glasses was_bought (buy) by my uncle.
熟 读 深 思 (6)Two series of new stamps have been ordered(order). (7) The population of China is(be) large and about eighty percent of the population are(be) farmers. (8) Mr. Green together with his children goes(go) to the park every Sunday. (9) The disabled are(be) well taken care of in this country. (10) Most of the workers have gone home for a holiday.
熟 读 深 思 (11) His family were(be) sitting in the sofa watching TV when I got there. (12) War and peace is(be) a constant theme in history. (13) Chinese and Japanese silk sell (sell) well in the market. (14) What surprised me most was(be) his attitude towards his study. (15) Such is(be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered(suffer) a great deal but achieved so much. (16) Every day quantities of water are_wasted(wasted).
归 纳 总 结 规则1:不可数名词作主语,一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名,书名,如:the United States, the United Nations等作主语,视为单数;有些不可数名词如:news, maths, physics 虽然以s结尾,但不是复数,如:(1)。 规则2:表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。“one, either, neither, each of +复数名词或代词”作主语时, 谓语用单数,如:(2)。
归 纳 总 结 规则3:something, everything, anything, nothing,somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语,谓语通常是单数,如:(3)。 规则4:表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数,如:(4)。 规则5:a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词,通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数,如:(5)、(6)。
归 纳 总 结 规则6:a number of +复数名词,“许多……”,复数意义;the number of +复数名词,“……的数目”,单数意义。the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时,谓语用单数,但如果是分数/百分数/half of/the rest of+the population 作主语时,谓语则用复数,具体指其中的多少人,复数意义,如:(7)。the average of …“……的平均数量”,作主语时,谓语用单数。
归 纳 总 结 规则7:主语后接介词with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, in, of 等短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致,如:(8)。 规则8:“the +adj.”结构指人时,谓语动词用复数;如果表示抽象的概念,谓语动词用单数,如:(9)。 规则9:分数、百分数,all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定,如:(10)。
归 纳 总 结 规则10:主语为集合名词时,如果表示一个整体,谓语动词用单数;如果指其中的个体,谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有:army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等,其中cattle,people,police一般看成复数形式,如:(11)。
归 纳 总 结 规则11:当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数形式。另外,当and 连接两个形容词修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看做是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数,如:(12)、(13)。 英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有: iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 bread and butter 黄油面包
归 纳 总 结 a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a knife and fork刀叉 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣 aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚 规则12:what 引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数,如:(14)。 规则13:such 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定,如:(15)。 规则14: quantities of +名词作主语时,不论名词是复数还是不可数,谓语一律用复数,如:(16)。
熟 读 深 思 2. 形式一致原则 主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式。 (1) Each student is required to tell a story in class. (2) Every boy and every girl is having sports now. (3) He said that one and a half apples is enough. (4) One and a half oranges were left for her brother. (5) More than one student is willing to take part in the activity. (6) Many a method has been tried to solve the problem.
归 纳 总 结 规则1:every /each/no 修饰名词,以及and连接的两个有every /each/no修饰的名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,如:(1)、(2)。复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式。 规则2:“one +单数名词and a half”作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,如:(3)、(4)。 规则3:“more than one +名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,如:(5)。 规则4:“many a +单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,如:(6)。
熟 读 深 思 3. 就近原则 (1) Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. (2) In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. (3) Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.
归 纳 总 结 规则1:当连词or, not… but…; either… or …, neither… nor …, not only… but also …等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式常与最接近的词语保持一致,如:(1)。 规则2:在倒装句中,谓语与后面第一个主语的数保持一致,如:(2)。 规则3:当一个句子是由 there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致,如:(3)。