Chapter 1 Language

教学目的 : 以话题为基础, 加强学生对冠词的 运用能力。 教学重点 : 定冠词 ”the” 的用法 教学难点 : 冠词的综合运用

A Definite article: the We use a or an before nouns when we mention them for the first time. We use the when we mention them again. Judy bought a case and a bag. The case cost ￥ 266 and the bag cost ￥ 118.

A1 Yesterday, Danny and Daisy both bought things for their holiday. What did they buy? Make sentences by following the example above. pair of sunglasses camera sunhat towel

We use the before nouns when it is clear what we are talking about. For example, at the airport, Judy and Miss Lu have this conversation.

JUDY: Excuse me. Where is the bank? MISS LU: It’s over there by the post office. Judy and Miss Lu know they are referring to the bank and the post office at the airport.

A2 Some people at the airport are asking Miss Lu questions. Work in pairs. S1 asks the questions. S2 answers them. Follow the example above.

We often use the before things and people when there is only one of then. Beijing is the capital of China. It has many attractions such as the Eiffel Tower.

A3 Simon works at Faraway Travel Service. Every day, he answers questions from his customers. Complete the questions and answers below. Put a, an or the in the blanks.

I want to see ____ sunshine at midnight. That’s ___ North Pole. You’ll need ___ thick sweater there. 1 I want to go to ___ Sahara Desert and live in __ tent with __ Arab family. No problem. You’ll need __ water bottle. 2 the a an the a a

I want to go to ___ big city and learn ___ French language. Why not go to Paris? That’s ___ capital of France. 3 I’d like to take ___ train from Shenzhen to Japan. Sorry. You have to cross ___ sea, so you must take ___ plane or ___ship. 4 a the a a a

I want to go to ___ Window of the World by underground. Can you sell me ___ ticket? Sorry. You’ll have to go to ___ underground station to buy ____ ticket. 5 I’d like to go to __ planet or to __ star for my holiday next year. Sorry. Our planet and star trips are full. What about going to ___ moon? It’s cheaper. 6 the a an the a a

冠词的基本用法

含义：冠词分不定冠词 (The Indefinite Articles) 和定冠词 (The Definite Articles) 两种，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词。 the 是定冠词。 A, an 是不定冠词。 a 放在 辅音因素前 ( 不是辅音字母 ) ， an 放在元 音因素前 ( 不是元音字母 ) 。 a girl ， a tree ， a flower ， an hour ， an old policeman

不定冠词 ”a, an” 的用法 (1) 用在可数名词单数前，表示一类人或 事物。 An owl can see in the dark. 猫头鹰能在黑暗里看见东西。 A man couldn’t make a fire millions of years ago. 人类在几百万年前不能生火。

(2) 表示数量 “ 一 ” 的意思。 There is a book on the desk ． 桌上有一本书。 My uncle goes to Beijing twice a year. 我叔叔一年两次到北京去。

(3) 在月份，星期及 evening ， night ， morning ， afternoon 等名词前有修饰定 语时，用不定冠词。 On a windy morning she came back home ．在一个刮风的早上她回家了。 A cold March is usual in the Shanghai ．上海的三月通常是很冷的。

(4) 用在 “such a…” ， “quite a…” ， “many a…” ， “rather a…” ， “so+ 形容词 +a ／ an + 单数可数名词 ” 等的结构中。 His idle son is quite a bother to him ．他的懒儿子很令他伤脑筋。 Alice is such a girl ．爱丽丝就是这样 一个女孩。

(5) 用于某些固定词组。 with a smile ， just a minute ， in a hurry ， a little ／ few ， a lot of ， a moment ago ， in a low voice ， once a year…

定冠词 the 的基本用法： (1) 特定语境指彼此都知道的人或 事物。 Open the window, please ． 请开一下窗。 Please pass the pen to me ． 请把这支笔给我传过来。

(2) 特指： The boy in black is my brother ． 穿黑衣服的这个男孩是我弟弟。 Look, the dog under the tree is Mary’s ． 看，树下的那只狗是玛丽的。

(3) 用在某些世界上独一无二的事物前。 the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky… (4) 用在江，河，山脉，海洋等专有名词 前。 the Pacific 太平洋 the Dead Sea 死海 the Nile 尼罗河 the Yangtze River 长江 the Amazon 亚马逊河

(5) 用在乐器前面。 play the violin 拉小提琴 play the flute 吹笛子 play the piano 弹钢琴 (6) 在序数词和形容词的最高级前 ( 副 词的最高级前可加可不加 ) 。 Tom won the first prize in the 100 一 meter race ． 汤姆赢得了 100 米比赛一等奖。

(7) 指前文出现过人或事，第二次出现。 There is a big garden behind my house ， my grandpa always works in the garden ． 我家后面有一个大花园，我爷爷经常 在这个花园里干活。 I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful. 我在盒子里发现了一幅画，这幅画很 漂亮。

(8) 由普通名词构成的专有名词。 the PLA (the People’s Liberation Army of China) 中国人民解放军 the Bund 外滩 (9)“the+ 形容词比较级 +the+ 形容词比较级 ” 表示 “ 越 …… 越 ……” Please tell me the truth ． The sooner the better ．请告诉我实情，越快越好。 The sooner you go, the sooner you will be back. 你走的越早就回来的越早。

(10) 用在一些固定短语中。 by the way 顺便问一下 on the right ／ left 在右／左边 in the morning ／ afternoon ／ evening 早上／下午／晚上 in the end 结果 on the whole 大体上

不用冠词的地方： (1) 在名词前有 this ， that ， some ， any ， 形容词性物主代词如 my ， your ， his ， her 等。 This is my book ， that is your book ．这是我的书，那是你的书。 They will go to the movie this coming weekend ．他们这个周末会去看电影。

(2) 在球类前，一日三餐前不加冠 词。 play basketball/football/ volleyball/badminton/tennis… have breakfast/lunch/inner

(3) 在日期，月份，季节，节日等前。 on Monday (Tuesday, Wednesday … Sunday) January February…October…December 一月 二月 …… 十二月 New Year’s Day 元旦 National Day 国 庆节 May Day 五一劳动节 Teachers’ Day 教 师节

(4) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 Men is powerful ．人类是很了不 起的。 Dogs are very faithful animals ．狗 是非常忠诚的动物。 (5) 在一些固定词组中。 at home ， go to school ／ bed ／ city

(6) 有些名词前没有冠词与有冠词时的意 义不同；例如： go to school 上学（读书） go to the school 到学校去（不是去读 书） 用于类似情况的名词还有 hospital ， college ， market ， bed ， class ， church 等。

(7) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词，如 England ， Mary 等。 (8) 在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不 加冠词，例如： Who is better, President Bush or President Obama? 布什和奥巴马谁更强？

(9) 当 by 与交通工具连用时，表示一种 方式时，中间无冠词，如 by bus ， by train 等。

Read the following story. Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or a × if no article is needed. Edward was walking past ___ old house in his village one evening. _____ house had one door and two windows. an The

As Edward walked past, he thought he saw two eyes looking out of one of ____ windows of ____ house. Edward stopped and looked at ____ window carefully, but ___ eyes had disappeared. Edward didn't really believe in __ ghosts ( 鬼 ), but he had heard people say that there was __ ghost in ___ house. the × a

He felt frightened but he went up to _____ window and looked inside. He could see ____ empty room but that was all. He opened ____ door, and stepped into _____ room. In ____ corner of ____ room, there was ___ broken mirror. the an the a

Two points of __ light from __ streetlamp outside were reflected( 反 射 ) in ____ mirror. “Now I know ____ reason why everyone says this house is haunted,” thought Edward. ×a the

单项填空。 1. It takes us ______ hour or more to go to my hometown by ______ train. A. an; aB. a; an C. an; 不填 D. a; 不填 2. Where are the students ？ Are they in ______ ？ A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room C B

3. ______ book on the desk is ______ useful one. A. The; an B. A; a C. The; a D. The; 不填 4. —How many 5-star hotels are there in your city ？ —Two. Ours is one of them, and ______ other is Parkston Hotel. A. anB. theC. aD. 不填 C B

5. Jim likes to play ______ football and was on ______ school team. A. 不填 ; the B. 不填 ; 不填 C. the; the D. a; a 6. We can’t see ______ sun at ______ night. A. a; 不填 B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; the A C

7. —Where do you usually have ______ lunch ？ —At home. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 8. He often says ______ rich should help ______ poor. A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. 不填 ; 不填 D C

9. ______ Yellow River is ______ second longest river in China. A. The; 不填 B. 不填 ; a C. The; a D. The; the 10. —What colour is ______ skirt in your bag ？ —It’s ______ yellow. A. a; 不填 B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填 ; 不填 D C

B Proper nouns We use a capital letter at the beginning of a proper noun. Proper nouns include:

Names of Names of places Months Days of a week Holiday names Sally Webb, Mrs Jacob, Xiao Ling EuroDisney, Chinatown, Bao’an Airport January, March, September Tuesday, Friday, Sunday Christmas, the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival

1. 一般情况下，专有名词前不需加定冠词 ， 例如 Jim Green, March, Shanghai Square 等。 2. 但是，普通名词构成的专有名词，有时 候需要加定冠词， 例如 the Great Wall ， the Mid-Autumn Festival 等。

B1 Look at these two columns. What is the difference between the nouns in Column A and Column B? A west earth china great wall middle school B the West Earth China the Great Wall No.1 Middle School

B2 Read the passage below. Some of the nouns in it should be capitalized. Underline them and then rewrite the passage.

Last july, I went to beijing to visit uncle zhang. He took me to many interesting places such as the great wall, the summer palace and the palace museum. We also visited the main stadium for the 2008 olympics. It is a grand building.

Uncle zhang took me to some famous shopping districts such as wangfujing street. There we had beijing roast duck. It was so tasty! I had a wonderful time in beijing and I plan to visit it again next year during the spring festival. ________________________________

根据所给的汉语意思完成句子。 1. The girl in red hat is ________ ( 英国 人 ). 2. ________ ( 星期日 ) is the first day of the week. 3. Tom is very interested in ________ ( 汉 语 ). English Sunday Chinese

4. September 10th is ________________ ( 教师节 ). 5. _________________ ( 春节 ) is the most important festival for Chinese people. 6. They hope to visit ____________ ( 你的 学校 ) when they come to Shenzhen. the Teachers’ Day The Spring Festival your school

单选填空。 1. —What do you need in class? —I need ______. A. a book and a pen B. book and pen C. the book and pen D. book and the pen A

2. This is ______ Mrs. Smith. She is from England. A. TheB. A C. OneD. 不填 3. She wrote a composition for _______ English Weekly. A.theB. an C. aD. 不填 D D

4. —Where is Jack? —I think he is still in _______ bed, but he may be in _______ kitchen. A. 不填 ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the; 不填 D. the; the 5. I heard her playing _______ piano in _______ next room. A. a; aB. a; the C. the; theD. the; an B C

6. _______ West Lake is _______ most beautiful of all. A. The; a B. 不填 ; the C. The; the D. A; 不填 7. In 2008, Obama was elected （被选为） _____ President of ____ United States. A. the; theB. a; a C. 不填 ; theD. 不填 ; 不填 C C

8. After watching _______ TV ， she played _______ violin ( 小提琴 ) for an hour. A. 不填 ; 不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填 ; the D